December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, offering not one, but a selection of three prominent gems: zircon, tanzanite, and turquoise. These stones, each possessing a distinct hue of blue and a rich history, provide December-born individuals with a diverse range of options to express their personal style and connect with the symbolism associated with their birth month. This article will delve into the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and cultural meanings of these captivating December birthstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices and biblical connections. While the exact origins are debated, the practice evolved over centuries, with different cultures attributing various powers and meanings to different stones. Turquoise and zircon have long been recognized as traditional December birthstones, representing the chill of winter with their cool blue tones. Zircon, notably, is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, offering a tangible link to the planet’s formation. Tanzanite is a more recent discovery, first unearthed in Tanzania in 1967, quickly gaining popularity for its exquisite color and rarity. The inclusion of multiple birthstones for December reflects a desire to offer a variety of choices in color, price, and personal meaning, catering to diverse tastes and histories.
Geological Formation and Sources
Zircon is frequently mined in Australia, but its presence extends to several other regions, including Thailand, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Cambodia, Canada, and the United States. Its formation occurs in a variety of igneous rocks, making it a globally distributed gem. Tanzanite, however, is exceptionally unique in its origin. It is found in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania – the only place on Earth where this gemstone is naturally occurring. This limited source contributes significantly to its rarity and value. Turquoise, similarly, has been mined for centuries in various locations, though specific sources mentioned within the provided materials are not detailed beyond its general historical use.
Gemological Properties
Zircon exhibits a range of colors, but the blue and colorless varieties are particularly popular as December birthstones. It registers between 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it relatively durable but susceptible to abrasion. Zircon is commonly heat-treated to enhance its color, producing vibrant blues and eliminating brown tones. However, prolonged exposure to bright light can sometimes cause heat-treated zircon to revert to its original color. It is stable when exposed to chemicals.
Tanzanite, a variety of the mineral zoisite, is celebrated for its captivating blue-purple hues, often compared to sapphire. Its unique pleochroism – displaying different colors when viewed from different angles – adds to its allure.
Turquoise, known for its sky-blue to greenish-blue shades, is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum. The provided sources do not detail its hardness or other gemological properties.
The following table summarizes key properties:
| Gemstone | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) | Origin | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zircon | 6-7.5 | Blue, Colorless, Yellow, Red | Australia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Cambodia, Canada, USA | Heat Treatment |
| Tanzanite | Not specified | Blue-Purple | Tanzania | Heat Treatment |
| Turquoise | Not specified | Sky-Blue to Greenish-Blue | Not specified | Not specified |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these December birthstones carries its own symbolic weight. Tanzanite is associated with the heart, intellect, and intuition, representing purity and new beginnings. Turquoise embodies loyalty, great love, health, good fortune, and peace. Blue zircon symbolizes chastity, virtuousness, and trustworthiness. The provided sources suggest that wearing these gemstones is not merely a fashion statement but a way to connect with ancient traditions and harness the stones’ perceived energies. December birthstones are believed to reflect brilliance and have been used in engagement rings, wedding bands, and necklaces, signifying lasting commitment and positive energy.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness, zircon is prone to scratching and is best suited for earrings and pendants, minimizing exposure to abrasive surfaces. Cleaning zircon requires a soft brush and mild soap in warm water; ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended. The sources do not provide specific care instructions for tanzanite or turquoise, but given tanzanite’s relative softness, similar gentle cleaning methods are advisable. Turquoise, being a more porous material, may require extra care to avoid damage from harsh chemicals or prolonged exposure to water.
December Birthstone Variations
While zircon, tanzanite, and turquoise are highlighted as primary December birthstones, other gems have also been historically associated with the month. Blue topaz, lapis lazuli, and even topaz itself are sometimes listed as December birthstones, offering an even wider selection for those born in December. Blue topaz is known for its calming, serene colors, while lapis lazuli is valued for its deep blue hue and historical significance. The availability of multiple options allows individuals to choose a stone that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs.
The Appeal of Blue
A common thread uniting these December birthstones is their prevalence of blue hues. This color is often associated with tranquility, wisdom, and stability, reflecting the cool, crisp tones of the winter season. Whether it’s the vibrant blue of zircon, the captivating violet-blue of tanzanite, or the serene sky-blue of turquoise, these gemstones offer a beautiful representation of the December landscape and the qualities associated with the month.
Modern Relevance and Shopping Considerations
Today, December birthstone jewelry remains a popular choice for gifts and personal adornment. When selecting a December birthstone, it is advisable to consult buying guides for each gem to ensure quality and authenticity. Factors to consider include color saturation, clarity, cut, and carat weight. The rarity of tanzanite, in particular, often influences its price, while zircon offers a more affordable option. Turquoise’s value can vary depending on its color, matrix (the surrounding rock), and source.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – zircon, tanzanite, and turquoise – represent a captivating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From the ancient origins of zircon to the recent discovery of tanzanite and the enduring appeal of turquoise, these gems offer a diverse range of options for those born in December. Their unique properties, vibrant colors, and rich cultural significance make them treasured possessions and meaningful expressions of personal identity. The availability of multiple birthstones for December underscores the beauty of choice and the enduring allure of these captivating gems.