December is unique among the months, boasting not one, but four recognized birthstones: blue topaz, turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite. Each of these gemstones offers a distinct shade of blue, mirroring the cool tones of the winter season, and carries its own rich history and symbolism. While turquoise holds the longest tradition as a December birthstone, zircon gained recognition after 1952, and tanzanite was added as a United States birthstone in 2002. Ruby, chrysoprase, onyx, and bloodstone have also held associations with December in various cultures and time periods. This abundance of choice allows individuals born in December to select a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs.
A History of December’s Gems
The association of gemstones with specific months dates back centuries, often linked to astrological signs and ancient beliefs. Ruby was historically connected to December, believed to sharpen the mind and encourage courtly love. Chrysoprase, the old Russian birthstone for December, was thought to bring good fortune and heal emotional wounds. In Tibetan tradition, onyx offered self-mastery and protective energy, while bloodstone was a stone of courage and revitalization.
However, the modern selection of December birthstones has evolved. Turquoise has been associated with the month for thousands of years, valued by ancient shamans as a talisman of protection, prosperity, and luck. Lapis Lazuli was also considered a December birthstone prior to the 1950s, revered for its association with royalty and artistry. Zircon replaced Lapis Lazuli as a recognized birthstone in 1952, and the more recent addition of tanzanite in 2002 expanded the options further. Tanzanite, discovered in Tanzania in 1967, quickly gained popularity for its captivating color and unique properties.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise forms in relatively dry, arid regions, often near copper deposits. Its color is derived from the presence of copper, while aluminum and other minerals contribute to its structure. Zircon is found in a variety of geological settings, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, and can be sourced from locations around the globe. Blue topaz is often created through irradiation of colorless topaz, though natural blue topaz does occur, albeit rarely.
Tanzanite, however, has a remarkably limited source: the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. This single location is the only place where this gemstone has been found in significant quantities, contributing to its relative rarity and value. The geological conditions in this region, involving complex metamorphic processes, are uniquely suited to the formation of tanzanite.
Gemological Properties
Each of December’s birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Turquoise, a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, typically ranges from opaque to translucent. Its color varies from sky blue to greenish-blue, depending on the presence of iron and other trace elements. Zircon, a zirconium silicate, exhibits a wide range of colors, with blue being a popular choice for December birthstones. It is known for its brilliance and high refractive index, sometimes rivaling that of diamond.
Blue topaz, a variety of aluminum silicate with fluorine and hydroxyl, is often created by irradiating colorless topaz. Natural blue topaz is rare and typically lighter in color. Tanzanite, a calcium aluminum silicate, is known for its trichroism – displaying different colors depending on the viewing angle. It typically exhibits shades of blue, violet, and burgundy.
The following table summarizes key properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) | Transparency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O | Sky blue to greenish-blue | 5-6 | Opaque |
| Blue Zircon | ZrSiO4 | Blue, golden, red, clear | 6.5-7.5 | Transparent |
| Blue Topaz | Al2SiO4(OH,F)2 | Blue | 8 | Transparent |
| Tanzanite | Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) | Blue, violet, burgundy | 6-7 | Transparent |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Turquoise has long been considered a protective stone, offering good fortune and warding off negative energy. It was highly valued by ancient cultures, including the Egyptians, Persians, and Native Americans. Blue topaz is believed to stimulate self-esteem and facilitate learning, promoting emotional calmness and spiritual connection.
Zircon is associated with joy and emotional balance, while tanzanite is considered a stone of transformation and spiritual awareness. It is believed to enhance intuition, promote clear communication, and facilitate connection to higher realms. Some believe tanzanite acts as a “manifestation magnet,” aiding in the realization of desires. Ruby, historically linked to December, symbolizes passion, courage, and vitality. Chrysoprase is thought to bring good fortune and mend broken hearts, while onyx offers self-mastery and protection. Bloodstone is a stone of courage, renewing energy and grounding vigor.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of December birthstones. Turquoise is relatively soft and porous, requiring gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Zircon, with its good hardness, can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Blue topaz is durable and can withstand similar cleaning methods.
Tanzanite, while relatively durable, is susceptible to damage from heat and sudden temperature changes. It should be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush, avoiding ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaning. Regular cleaning with a soft cloth will help maintain its brilliance. All gemstones benefit from being removed daily to prevent scratches and accumulation of dirt and oils. Bathing crystals in full moonlight and cleansing with selenite or sage smoke are also recommended practices for energizing and purifying these gems.
December Birthstones by Day
Interestingly, different birthstones are associated with specific days within December. According to one chart, Blue Topaz is linked to the 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 20th, and 24th, while Tanzanite corresponds to the 5th, 9th, 13th, 17th, 21st, and 25th. Turquoise is associated with the 6th, 10th, 14th, 18th, 22nd, and 26th, and Blue Zircon with the 7th, 11th, 15th, 19th, 23rd, and 27th. This daily variation offers a further level of personalization when selecting a December birthstone.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – blue topaz, turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite – represent a captivating array of colors, histories, and meanings. From the ancient protective powers of turquoise to the modern discovery of tanzanite, these gemstones embody the beauty and spirit of December. Each stone offers unique properties and symbolism, allowing individuals born in this month to choose a gem that resonates with their personal values and aspirations. Their versatility allows them to shine in a variety of jewelry styles, making them cherished gifts and timeless treasures for generations to come.