December is a month celebrated with festivities and marked by a unique collection of birthstones: Tanzanite, Zircon, and Turquoise. Each gem possesses distinct characteristics, a rich history, and symbolic meanings that have resonated across cultures for centuries. This article will explore the origins, properties, and significance of these three December birthstones, drawing upon available lore and gemological details.
A Historical Overview
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month of the year has evolved over time. While modern lists are standardized, historical variations existed, often influenced by regional availability and cultural beliefs. December’s birthstones reflect a blend of relatively recent discoveries, ancient traditions, and enduring symbolism. Turquoise, as the name suggests, is one of the oldest known gems, utilized for adornment and spiritual purposes for millennia. Zircon, with its ancient origins, has been valued as a diamond alternative and for its perceived tranquil properties. Tanzanite, however, is a more recent addition to the birthstone canon, discovered in the 20th century and quickly gaining popularity for its striking color.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel
Tanzanite is a relatively recent discovery, found only in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania. This brilliant violet-blue gem quickly gained recognition for its exceptional pleochroism – exhibiting different colors when viewed from different angles. The name “tanzanite” was officially adopted by Tiffany & Co. after its discovery, recognizing its unique origin.
Zircon: A Colorful Legacy
The name “zircon” originates from the Arabic words zar and gun, meaning gold and color, respectively. This etymology hints at the gem’s diverse color range, which includes clear, blue, yellow, orange, brown, and red varieties. Historically, clear zircon has been used as a diamond substitute, valued for its brilliance. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, zircon is believed to ensure a warm welcome and induce tranquil sleep.
Turquoise: An Ancient Protector
Turquoise is one of the oldest known gems, prized for its captivating blue hues. Its name derives from the French term pierre turquoise, meaning “Turkish stone,” as the gem often entered Europe through Turkey. Throughout history, turquoise has been revered for its protective qualities, believed to safeguard the wearer from harm.
Geological Formation and Sources
The geological origins of these three birthstones differ significantly. Tanzanite is formed deep within the earth and brought to the surface by volcanic activity, making its location in Tanzania particularly unique. Zircon is found in a variety of geological settings, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, indicating a long and complex geological history. Turquoise, on the other hand, forms in arid regions through a process of weathering of copper-rich rocks.
Gemological Properties
Each of these December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties:
| Property | Tanzanite | Zircon | Turquoise |
|---|---|---|---|
| Color | Violet-blue | Blue, Yellow, Orange, Brown, Red | Range of Blue Hues |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 | 6.5 - 7.5 | 5 - 6 |
| Origin | Tanzania | Various Locations | Various Locations |
| Notable Feature | Pleochroism | Diamond Alternative | Protective Qualities |
Tanzanite’s pleochroism is a defining characteristic, displaying different shades of blue, violet, and burgundy depending on the viewing angle. Zircon’s high refractive index contributes to its brilliance, making it a popular diamond simulant. Turquoise, while relatively softer than the other two, is valued for its unique color and matrix patterns – the veining of other minerals within the stone.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Tanzanite, a relatively new gem, is associated with transformation and intuition. Zircon is believed to bring tranquility and ensure a warm welcome, while also promoting strength and intellect. Turquoise, with its ancient roots, is widely regarded as a protective stone, safeguarding the wearer from harm and promoting well-being.
Cultural Significance
The cultural significance of these birthstones varies across different traditions. Turquoise has held a prominent place in Native American cultures for centuries, used in jewelry, ceremonial objects, and as a symbol of protection and healing. Zircon has been historically associated with royalty and clergy, symbolizing wealth and spiritual devotion. Tanzanite, while lacking the extensive historical background of the other two, has quickly become a symbol of elegance and sophistication.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of these gemstones. Tanzanite and Zircon, with their moderate hardness, are susceptible to scratches and should be handled with care. Avoid exposure to harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Turquoise, being relatively soft, requires gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap. Avoid abrasive cleaners and prolonged exposure to sunlight, which can fade its color.
Celebrating December Birthdays
The association of birthstones with specific months provides a meaningful way to celebrate birthdays and acknowledge personal connections to the natural world. Beyond jewelry, these gems can be incorporated into various symbolic gifts and traditions. Bracelets set with birthstones are a cherished keepsake, while incorporating the month’s bloom into a garden or artwork can create a lasting tribute.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Tanzanite, Zircon, and Turquoise – represent a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From the modern marvel of Tanzanite to the ancient protection of Turquoise and the colorful legacy of Zircon, these gems offer a unique connection to the earth and a meaningful way to celebrate the month of December. Their distinct properties and enduring appeal continue to captivate gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike.