Ruby, derived from the Latin word ruber meaning red, is a gemstone steeped in history and revered for its vibrant hue. As the birthstone for July, it represents passion, courage, and vitality, and continues to captivate with its enduring beauty. This article will explore the ruby’s historical significance, geological origins, gemological properties, cultural symbolism, and practical care guidelines, drawing solely from available sources.
The Ruby in History and Culture
The ruby boasts one of the longest recorded histories of any gemstone. Ancient civilizations were captivated by its rich tones, leading to extensive speculation regarding its origins and uses. The intense red color naturally led to associations with blood, and consequently, beliefs in the ruby’s power to restore, rejuvenate, and improve life flourished. In ancient India, rubies were known as ratnaraj, translating to “king of precious stones,” a testament to their exceptional value and status. Ancient Hindus offered rubies to the god Krishna, hoping for reincarnation as an emperor, and the Leo zodiac sign, often referred to as the king of the zodiac, further cemented this regal association.
Burmese warriors historically believed rubies rendered them invincible in battle, even going so far as to insert the gems into their flesh, believing they would become impervious to harm. Medieval Europeans attributed rubies with bestowing health, wisdom, wealth, and success in love. These beliefs highlight the ruby’s enduring symbolism of power, protection, and prosperity throughout diverse cultures.
Geological Formation and Sources
Rubies are a variety of the mineral corundum, gaining their characteristic color from trace amounts of the element chromium. The more chromium present, the stronger and more vivid the red hue. Significant ruby deposits are found in several regions worldwide, including Myanmar (Burma), Vietnam, India, East Africa, the Middle East, Thailand, and the United States.
Specifically, Myanmar is cited as one of the oldest known sources of rubies, producing highly prized specimens. Other notable varieties include Thai rubies, Mozambique rubies, Madagascar rubies, and Tanzanian rubies, each possessing unique characteristics. The most valuable rubies globally are those exhibiting a deep red color with subtle purple undertones, known in the trade as “pigeon’s blood.”
Gemological Properties
Rubies are renowned for their exceptional hardness, ranking second only to diamonds on the Mohs scale. This durability makes them suitable for everyday wear. The color is the most significant factor in determining a ruby’s value, with the ideal shade being a vibrant, pure red.
Rubies are often subjected to heat treatment to enhance their color, removing purplish tones and improving clarity. This process is generally accepted within the trade as it is considered stable and does not compromise the gem’s integrity under normal wear. However, other treatments, such as lattice diffusion and dyeing, are also employed. Lower-quality rubies may undergo fracture filling with glass to improve their apparent transparency. It is crucial to inquire about any treatments a ruby has undergone, as these can affect its perceived value. A GIA Identification Report is recommended to verify a stone’s authenticity and treatment history.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, the ruby has been laden with symbolic meaning. Beyond its association with royalty and power, the ruby has been linked to vitality and physical strength, stemming from its resemblance to blood. Ancient cultures believed the gem possessed the power to predict misfortune or danger, while others claimed it could cure inflammatory diseases and soothe anger.
Rubies were also used in ceremonial practices, such as being set into drinking vessels, symbolizing toasts to good health. The gem is seen as a reminder of energy, life, and potential, making it a meaningful gift for those seeking encouragement and a renewed sense of purpose.
Ruby Treatments and Disclosure
The gemological trade commonly accepts heat treatment to improve a ruby’s color. However, other treatments, like lattice diffusion and dyeing, are also used. Surface-reaching fractures in lower-quality stones are sometimes filled with glass to enhance transparency. The Federal Trade Commission mandates disclosure of any treatments that affect a gemstone’s value. Therefore, it is essential to ask about any treatments before purchasing a ruby.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining a ruby’s brilliance is relatively straightforward. In most cases, the gemstone can be safely cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are generally safe for untreated, heat-treated, and lattice diffusion-treated rubies. However, glass-filled or dyed rubies should only be cleaned with a damp cloth to avoid damaging the filler material. Regular cleaning will help preserve the ruby’s luster and ensure its continued beauty.
July’s Dual Birthstones: Ruby and Onyx
While ruby is the most widely recognized birthstone for July, onyx also holds a place as a traditional birthstone for this month. The distinction between modern and traditional birthstones arose in the early 20th century, with the Jewelers of America standardizing a list of birthstones in 1912. Prior to this, various charts existed, leading to inconsistencies in birthstone assignments. The modern list, established in the 1950s, solidified ruby as the primary July birthstone, while acknowledging the historical significance of onyx. This dual designation provides individuals born in July with a choice of gemstones, each possessing unique qualities and symbolism.
Conclusion
The ruby, with its captivating color and rich history, remains one of the most coveted gemstones in the world. From its ancient associations with royalty and power to its modern symbolism of passion and vitality, the ruby continues to inspire and enchant. Its durability, combined with its striking beauty, makes it a cherished heirloom and a timeless expression of love and devotion. As the birthstone for July, and a traditional gift for 15th and 40th wedding anniversaries, the ruby’s significance endures, solidifying its place as the “king of precious stones.”