August is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. This selection offers a diverse range of colors and histories, providing those born in August with a wealth of options to choose from when selecting a gemstone with personal significance. While sardonyx holds the distinction of being the oldest August birthstone on record, peridot is often considered the primary stone, and spinel has recently gained prominence as a modern alternative. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and symbolism of each of these fascinating gemstones, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
The history of August birthstones is complex, with instances of misidentification and evolving traditions. Sardonyx, with a history spanning over 4,000 years, was one of the gems featured in the high priest’s breastplate, signifying its importance in ancient times. It was also utilized in ancient Greece and Rome for creating amulets, cameos, and seals, believed to impart strength and ensure victory in battle, as well as enhance communication skills.
Peridot’s history is intertwined with that of topaz. Ancient texts often referred to “topaz” when, in fact, they were describing peridot, particularly stones found on the Red Sea island of Topazios. This historical confusion led to the misidentification of peridot as emerald in some instances, such as the 200 carats of gems adorning the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have largely consisted of peridot.
Spinel’s history is marked by a long period of being mistaken for other gemstones, most notably ruby. For centuries, red spinel was often misidentified as ruby, and it wasn’t until more recently that spinel was recognized as a distinct and valuable mineral species. This misidentification contributed to its relative underappreciation until modern consumers began seeking alternatives to the more expensive ruby.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a unique gemstone in that it can be found in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial origins. It forms under extreme conditions, often discovered within the hardened lava that brought it from deep within the Earth’s mantle. Remarkably, peridot has also been found in meteorites, originating from outer space.
The sources for spinel and sardonyx are not explicitly detailed in the provided materials. However, the sources indicate that spinel can be found in a variety of colors, suggesting diverse geological formations. Sardonyx, being a historical gemstone, has variations found in many parts of the world, though specific locations are not mentioned.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is the yellowish-green to greenish-yellow variety of the mineral olivine. Its color is attributed to the presence of iron in its composition, and it consistently maintains its green hue regardless of lighting conditions.
Spinel is a mineral that exists in a wide spectrum of colors, including red, pink, blue, white, and black. It possesses a hardness of 8 out of 10 on the Mohs hardness scale, making it harder than peridot.
Sardonyx is not described in detail regarding its chemical composition or hardness in the provided sources.
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties of peridot and spinel, based on the available information:
| Gemstone | Color | Hardness (Mohs) | Chemical Composition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Yellowish-green to greenish-yellow | Not specified | Olivine |
| Spinel | Red, pink, blue, white, black | 8 | Not specified |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the August birthstones carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Peridot is associated with good fortune and is traditionally gifted to celebrate the 16th wedding anniversary.
Spinel is believed to possess refreshing properties, capable of renewing energy and fostering humility in victory. According to author Judy Hall, it can aid in perseverance and acceptance after overcoming challenges. Different colors of spinel have also been given industry-specific names: rubicelle for yellow-orange, almandine for purple, sapphirine for blue, and chlorospinel for green. Red spinel, like carnelian, is often linked to the heart.
Sardonyx symbolizes strength, courage, and protection. Its historical use in amulets reflects its perceived protective qualities.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer detailed care instructions for sardonyx. However, information regarding spinel and peridot is available. Spinel, with a Mohs hardness of 8, is a durable gemstone. Peridot, being less hard, requires careful handling to avoid scratches. General guidelines for gemstone care, such as avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, would apply to all three stones.
Choosing Between the Three Birthstones
The choice between peridot, spinel, and sardonyx ultimately depends on personal preference. Peridot is the most widely recognized August birthstone, symbolizing abundance and positivity. Spinel offers a vibrant range of colors and is a more affordable alternative to ruby and sapphire. Sardonyx, with its historical significance, represents strength and courage.
The sources suggest that selecting the right birthstone is a matter of personal connection and enjoyment. Whether shopping for a Leo or Virgo, or simply seeking a meaningful piece of jewelry, the three August birthstones provide a beautiful and diverse selection.
Conclusion
August’s trio of birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a rich tapestry of history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient origins of sardonyx to the extraterrestrial origins of peridot and the long-misidentified beauty of spinel, these gemstones offer a unique connection to the past and a vibrant expression of personal style. The availability of three options allows individuals born in August to choose a stone that resonates with their personality and beliefs, making it a truly special and meaningful adornment.