August boasts a trio of captivating birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. While peridot is most prominently recognized as the modern birthstone for August, spinel has recently gained recognition as a contemporary alternative, and sardonyx holds the distinction as the traditional August gem. These stones each possess unique histories, geological origins, and symbolic meanings, offering a diverse range of choices for those born under the August sun. This article will delve into the characteristics of each of these August birthstones, drawing upon historical accounts and gemological observations.
A Trio of Historical Significance
The history of August birthstones is complex, with some gems experiencing periods of mistaken identity. Sardonyx, with a history spanning over 4,000 years, is the oldest of the three, appearing in ancient artifacts like the high priest’s breastplate referenced in biblical texts and as a foundational stone of Jerusalem. The name “topaz” was historically used interchangeably with peridot, leading to confusion in ancient texts. George Frederick Kuntz notes in his 1913 publication that ancient “topaz” often referred to what is now known as peridot, and the island of Topazios, believed to be the source of topaz, actually yielded peridot.
Spinel, for centuries, was often misidentified as ruby, particularly red spinel, due to its similar appearance. It wasn’t until more recently that spinel was appreciated as a distinct and beautiful gemstone in its own right, becoming a popular alternative to the more expensive ruby. Peridot, too, has been confused with other gems, notably emerald, as evidenced by the 200 carats of peridot adorning the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Cologne Cathedral, initially believed to be emeralds. Some historians even suggest that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have largely consisted of peridot.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot, a variety of the mineral olivine, is uniquely formed under extreme conditions. It is found in hardened lava, brought from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and even in meteorites originating from outer space. Historically, a significant source of peridot was the volcanic island of Zabargad in the Red Sea, which remained a key source until the early 20th century.
Spinel’s origins are linked to metamorphic rocks, often found alongside rubies and sapphires in marble deposits. While it was once considered a ruby byproduct, spinel is now valued for its own distinct qualities. Sardonyx, a variety of chalcedony, is formed through the layering of banded agate and onyx, resulting in its distinctive red and white coloration. Specific geological sources for spinel and sardonyx are not detailed in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is characterized by its yellowish-green to greenish-yellow hue, though the intensity of the color can vary depending on the iron content within the crystal structure. It is notable for occurring in only one color, unlike many gemstones that exhibit a wider range of shades.
Spinel presents a broader spectrum of colors, including red, yellow-orange (rubicelle), purple (almandine), blue (sapphirine), and green (chlorospinel). The provided materials do not detail the specific chemical composition, refractive index, or hardness of any of the three stones.
Sardonyx is defined by its banded appearance, featuring layers of red and white chalcedony. The materials do not provide specific gemological data for sardonyx beyond its composition.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these August birthstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Peridot, known as the “gem of the Sun” by the ancient Egyptians, was believed to possess healing powers and protect against nightmares. It was thought to bring confidence, health, and positive energy to its wearer.
Spinel is associated with refreshing properties and the ability to renew energy, particularly after facing challenges. It is believed that those who persevere with spinel’s aid will accept victory with humility. Red spinel, like other blood-colored stones, is often linked to the heart.
Sardonyx, as one of the oldest known birthstones, held significance in ancient religious practices, appearing in the high priest’s breastplate. The provided materials do not detail specific metaphysical beliefs associated with sardonyx beyond its historical religious context.
Care and Cleaning
The provided materials do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for any of the August birthstones. However, considering peridot’s composition as a variety of olivine, general gemstone care guidelines would apply. These typically include cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush, avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, and storing the gem separately to prevent scratches. Further research into the specific properties of spinel and sardonyx would be necessary to provide tailored care advice.
Choosing Between the August Birthstones
The choice between peridot, spinel, and sardonyx ultimately depends on personal preference. Peridot offers a vibrant, summery green hue and a rich historical connection to ancient civilizations. Spinel provides a wider range of color options and a more recently appreciated beauty. Sardonyx, with its banded appearance and ancient origins, offers a unique and historically significant choice.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a fascinating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From the ancient Egyptians’ reverence for peridot as the “gem of the Sun” to the recent appreciation of spinel’s distinct beauty and the long-standing significance of sardonyx, these gemstones offer a diverse and captivating selection for those born in the eighth month. Each stone carries its own unique story and appeal, making the choice of an August birthstone a personal and meaningful one.