June boasts a unique distinction among the birthstones: not one, but three gemstones represent the month – alexandrite, moonstone, and pearl. Each possesses a distinct history, geological origin, and aesthetic appeal, offering a diverse range of options for those born in June. This article will delve into the fascinating world of these three birthstones, exploring their properties, lore, and significance.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month of the year has ancient roots, though the modern list evolved over time. Pearl holds the longest-standing connection to June, with mentions dating back to 2206 B.C. in Chinese documents. Its value was recognized across cultures; Cleopatra, the Queen of Egypt, famously dissolved a pearl in vinegar and consumed it as a demonstration of her wealth and power.
Moonstone’s history is interwoven with mythology. Both Hindu and Greco-Roman traditions linked the stone to lunar deities and solidified moonbeams. Its ethereal glow captivated ancient civilizations, imbuing it with mystical qualities. The stone experienced a resurgence in popularity during the 1960s, aligning with a cultural fascination with spirituality and unique gemstones.
Alexandrite, the newest of the three to be recognized as a June birthstone, has a comparatively recent history. Discovered in Russia in 1830, it was named in honor of Tsar Alexander II. Its remarkable color-changing ability quickly made it the national stone of Tsarist Russia, mirroring the colors of the Russian military uniforms – red and green.
Geological Formation and Sources
Pearls are unique among gemstones as they are not mined from the earth but formed within living creatures – mollusks. Natural pearls originate as a defense mechanism; when an irritant enters the mollusk’s shell, it coats the particle with layers of nacre, creating a pearl. Historically, prime natural pearl forming areas included the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Manner, the Indian Ocean, and the Red Sea. However, natural pearls are now exceedingly rare, and the majority of pearls available today are cultured, grown on mollusk farms in locations like Indonesia, Australia, and the Philippines. China and Japan also remain sources for natural pearls, though in limited quantities.
Moonstone forms in igneous and metamorphic rocks. The finest and rarest moonstones are sourced from Sri Lanka, but deposits are also found in Australia, Madagascar, Myanmar, and India, with some even occurring in the United States. The characteristic shimmer, known as adularescence, is a result of light scattering between microscopic layers within the stone.
Alexandrite is a form of the mineral chrysoberyl. Originally discovered in Russia’s Ural Mountains, the Russian deposits are now largely depleted. Today, alexandrite is found in Brazil, East Africa, and Sri Lanka. Its formation requires a unique combination of elements, including beryllium and chromium, under specific geological conditions.
Gemological Properties
Each of these June birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Pearl, unlike traditional gemstones, is composed of Aragonite (Calcium Carbonate) and Conchiolin (a protein), rather than a single mineral. Its hardness ranges from 2.5 to 4.5 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft and susceptible to damage. Pearls exhibit a lustrous sheen, and can be found in white, pink, blue, green, brown, purple, yellow, and even black.
Moonstone registers a hardness of 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale. Its defining characteristic is adularescence – a billowy glow that appears on the stone’s surface. While often appearing bluish, this effect is dependent on the viewing angle and surface upon which it is presented.
Alexandrite, a chrysoberyl, boasts a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone. Its most remarkable property is its color-changing ability. It appears green in daylight or fluorescent light, but shifts to red or purple under incandescent light. This phenomenon is due to the stone’s absorption of different wavelengths of light.
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Mohs Hardness | Key Characteristic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pearl | Aragonite & Conchiolin | 2.5 - 4.5 | Luster, iridescence |
| Moonstone | Feldspar | 6 - 6.5 | Adularescence |
| Alexandrite | Beryllium Aluminum Oxide | 8 | Color Change |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been attributed with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Pearls have long been associated with purity, innocence, and faith. In ancient times, they were believed to protect against evil and were often used in wedding ceremonies.
Moonstone is often linked to intuition, emotional balance, and feminine energy. Ancient Greeks and Romans associated it with lunar gods, believing it possessed the power to control tides and influence emotions. Some believe it enhances psychic abilities and promotes inner peace.
Alexandrite is said to symbolize good fortune, balance, and intuition. Its color-changing property is often interpreted as a metaphor for adaptability and transformation. Historically, it was believed to bring good luck to gamblers and enhance one’s ability to make sound decisions. Indian astrology suggests garnet can improve depression and negative thoughts.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their differing hardness levels, each of these gemstones requires specific care. Pearls are the most delicate and should be protected from harsh chemicals, extreme temperatures, and abrasive materials. They should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh jewelry cleaners.
Moonstone should also be handled with care. Avoid exposing it to strong chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners. Cleaning can be done with a soft cloth and mild soap and water.
Alexandrite, being the hardest of the three, is more durable. However, it should still be protected from harsh impacts and extreme temperatures. Cleaning can be done with warm soapy water and a soft brush.
Conclusion
June’s birthstones – alexandrite, moonstone, and pearl – offer a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From the ancient lore surrounding pearls to the relatively recent discovery of alexandrite and the mystical glow of moonstone, each gemstone holds a unique place in the world of gemology. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, historical significance, or perceived metaphysical properties, these three birthstones provide a diverse and meaningful selection for those born in the sixth month of the year.