December is a unique month in the world of gemstones, distinguished by having not one, but four officially recognized birthstones: blue topaz, turquoise, tanzanite, and zircon. These gems, each possessing distinct characteristics, histories, and symbolic meanings, offer a diverse range of options for those born in the final month of the year. From ancient stones steeped in tradition to a relatively recent discovery, December’s birthstones represent a fascinating spectrum of geological origins and cultural significance.
A History of Multiple Stones
Traditionally, each month was associated with a single birthstone. However, the practice of assigning multiple stones to certain months evolved to provide more affordable options alongside the more expensive, traditional choices. In the case of December, zircon and turquoise were the original birthstones, with tanzanite being added in October 2002, expanding the selection to the current four. This allows individuals to choose a stone that resonates with their personal preferences and budgetary considerations.
Turquoise: A Stone of Antiquity
Turquoise is readily identifiable by its distinctive robin’s egg blue to greenish-blue color, often exhibiting unique veining patterns that contribute to its individual appeal. This opaque gemstone boasts a rich history, with usage dating back to antiquity. Geologically, turquoise is a copper aluminum phosphate, formed when rainwater or melted snow interacts with copper ore deposits, specifically copper porphyry. The resulting acidic solution reacts with aluminum and potassium in the surrounding rocks, precipitating turquoise into cavities within weathered volcanic and sedimentary rock, typically found in arid locations.
Despite its beauty, turquoise is a relatively soft gemstone, registering a Mohs hardness of five to six, making it susceptible to scratches and breakage with moderate force. Its porous nature also makes it prone to discoloration from oils, pigments, and even a loss of water content.
Zircon: An Ancient Mineral
Zircon is described as one of the oldest minerals found on Earth, symbolizing wisdom and prosperity. While not as widely known as some other gemstones, zircon makes absolutely stunning jewelry. The sources do not provide details on its geological formation or specific mining locations beyond mentioning Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Australia as sourcing locations.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel
Tanzanite is a relatively recent discovery, found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This exquisite crystal is known for its clear blue-violet hues. Tanzanite is believed to represent change and spiritual growth, linked to peace, higher thinking, and intuition. Many believe it helps dispel negative feelings and brings a sense of calm and balance, enhancing communication and understanding.
Blue Topaz: Contemporary Clarity
Blue topaz is a contemporary favorite, celebrated for its vibrant and lustrous color. It is known for its high scratch resistance, with a Mohs hardness of 8, making it suitable for everyday wear, particularly in rings and bracelets. Blue topaz is sourced from Brazil, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, and China, with Brazil being the largest producer. It is often associated with clear communication.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
While detailed gemological properties are limited within the provided sources, a basic comparison can be made:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) | Transparency | Notable Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue to greenish-blue | 5-6 | Opaque | Unique veining, porous, susceptible to discoloration |
| Zircon | Not specified in sources | Not specified | Not specified | Ancient mineral, symbolizes wisdom and prosperity |
| Tanzanite | Blue-violet | Not specified | Not specified | Recent discovery, spiritual growth, calming energy |
| Blue Topaz | Blue | 8 | Not specified | High scratch resistance, clear communication |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of December’s birthstones carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs. Turquoise is thought to provide protection against negative energy and pollutants, enhancing intuition and releasing inhibitions. Tanzanite is associated with transformation, spiritual awareness, and the dispelling of negativity, promoting calm and balance. Blue Topaz is linked to clear communication, while zircon symbolizes wisdom and prosperity.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of December’s birthstones requires specific care tailored to each gem’s properties. Blue Topaz, with its high hardness, is relatively durable and can withstand regular wear. However, turquoise, being a softer and porous stone, requires gentle handling to avoid scratches and discoloration. The sources do not provide specific cleaning instructions for zircon or tanzanite, but general gemstone care guidelines – such as avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners – would be prudent.
Geographic Origins
The origins of these gemstones are diverse, reflecting their unique geological formations. Turquoise is mined in the southwestern United States (Arizona and Nevada), Iran (Persian turquoise), and China. Tanzanite is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. Zircon is sourced from Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Australia, while Blue Topaz comes from Brazil, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, and China.
Choosing the Right December Birthstone
Selecting the ideal December birthstone depends on individual preferences and specific requirements. Turquoise is suitable for those seeking inner peace, while zircon is believed to enhance mental clarity and confidence. Tanzanite appeals to those on a path of spiritual growth, and blue topaz is a durable and vibrant choice for everyday wear.
Conclusion
December’s four birthstones – turquoise, zircon, tanzanite, and blue topaz – represent a captivating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From the ancient origins of turquoise to the modern discovery of tanzanite, these gems offer a diverse range of options for those born in this winter month. Each stone possesses unique qualities and meanings, allowing individuals to choose a birthstone that resonates with their personality and aspirations. The variety ensures that December-born individuals can find a gemstone that truly reflects their individual spirit.