August boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. These gemstones, ranging in color from vibrant green to deep red and banded orange-brown, represent the peak of summer and offer a diverse palette for those born in the eighth month. Throughout history, these stones have been valued for their beauty, believed metaphysical properties, and practical applications, evolving from ancient amulets to modern jewelry staples.
History and Lore
The history of August birthstones is rich and varied. Sardonyx holds the distinction of being the original birthstone for August, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years. Ancient Romans favored sardonyx for creating seals and signet rings, appreciating its unique property of preventing hot wax from adhering to its surface. The banded structure of sardonyx also made it a popular material for carving cameos and intaglios for millennia.
Peridot’s story is equally compelling, dating back to ancient Egypt where it was known as the “gem of the sun.” Egyptians believed peridot possessed protective powers and crafted necklaces and amulets from the stone. Ancient Romans also prized peridot for its brilliance and clarity, incorporating it into rings and luxury ornaments. A fascinating, though sometimes debated, historical connection exists between peridot and emeralds. Many historians suggest that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted largely of peridot, sourced from the Red Sea island of Topazios. This island was, in fact, a primary source for peridot, and was mistakenly believed to be the source of topaz, hence the name. Even in medieval times, peridot adorned shrines, often mistaken for emeralds.
Spinel, while historically sometimes confused with ruby, has a more recent rise to prominence as an August birthstone. For centuries, red spinel was often mistaken for ruby, and only more recently has it been appreciated as a distinct and beautiful gemstone in its own right. A significant discovery in Tanzania in 2007, yielding spinel in pink, orange-red, purple, and blue hues, further fueled its popularity among gem collectors.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these birthstones are as diverse as their histories. Peridot is uniquely formed under extreme conditions, often found within hardened lava carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle. Remarkably, peridot has even been discovered in meteorites, originating from outer space.
Spinel forms in metamorphic rocks and is found in various locations worldwide, including Tanzania, which has become a significant source for a range of colors, including pinkish and orangy-red varieties.
Sardonyx, a variety of chalcedony, is formed through the layering of sard and onyx, two types of cryptocrystalline quartz. The distinct bands of brownish-red to brown sard alternating with white or black onyx create its characteristic appearance.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is the yellowish-green to greenish-yellow gem variety of the mineral olivine. Its color range includes lime green, deep olive green, and yellow-tinted greens, making it a versatile gem for both daytime and evening wear. It is commonly set in silver, gold, or platinum.
Spinel boasts a Mohs hardness of 8, making it a durable gem suitable for rings and other everyday jewelry. It is available in a wide spectrum of colors, including red, pink, blue, white, and black. Spinel can be safely cleaned using ultrasonic and steam cleaners, though caution should be exercised if the stone contains fractures.
Sardonyx is a combination of two types of chalcedony, sard and onyx. Its banded appearance is a defining characteristic.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Mohs Hardness | Color Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Olivine (Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄ | 6.5 - 7 | Yellowish-green to greenish-yellow |
| Spinel | MgAl₂O₄ | 8 | Red, pink, blue, white, black |
| Sardonyx | SiO₂ (Chalcedony) | 6.5 - 7 | Banded brownish-red/orange and white/black |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these August birthstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Peridot, historically, was believed to ward off evil spirits and bad dreams. It symbolizes rebirth and growth, offering strength and energy. In medieval Europe, peridot was thought to promote mental clarity and emotional healing, alleviating stress and anxiety.
Spinel, while gaining recognition more recently, is associated with revitalization and energy.
Sardonyx, with its layered structure, has long been seen as a stone of strength and protection. Its historical use in Roman seals suggests a connection to power and authority.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of August birthstones requires understanding their individual properties. Spinel, with its hardness of 8, is relatively durable and can be cleaned with ultrasonic and steam cleaners (with caution regarding fractures). Warm soapy water is always a safe cleaning option. Spinel is stable when exposed to light and chemicals, but high heat can cause some colors to fade.
Peridot and sardonyx, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5-7, require more gentle care. Avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners. Warm soapy water and a soft cloth are the recommended cleaning methods.
Modern Recognition and Demand
Today, all three August birthstones remain popular choices for jewelry. Peridot, spinel, and sardonyx are featured in rings, necklaces, and bracelets, symbolizing personal connection and timeless style. The increasing demand for unique and colorful gemstones has contributed to the renewed appreciation for spinel, while peridot continues to be a classic choice for August birthdays and 16th wedding anniversaries – a tradition dating back centuries. Significant life events, such as weddings, continue to drive demand for these beautiful stones, reflecting their enduring appeal.
Conclusion
August’s birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – offer a captivating blend of history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. From ancient Egyptian amulets to modern jewelry designs, these gemstones have captivated cultures for millennia. Whether chosen for their beauty, their perceived metaphysical properties, or their connection to a specific month, these stones represent a vibrant and diverse spectrum of color and significance.