December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but five recognized birthstones: zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise. This abundance offers a diverse selection of color, history, and meaning for those born in the final month of the year. While turquoise and zircon have historically held prominence as the primary December birthstones, modern lists have expanded to include tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and topaz, providing a wider range of choices for personal expression and aesthetic preference. These gemstones, with their varying shades of blue and beyond, reflect the chill of winter and carry rich cultural and metaphysical significance.
A History of Shifting Associations
The designation of birthstones has evolved considerably over time. Early associations, inspired by Biblical texts, initially linked ruby to December. However, as gemological knowledge and cultural preferences shifted, the assigned stones changed. By 1870, turquoise was gaining recognition as a December birthstone, as documented in Tiffany & Co.’s “Gregorian Birthstone Poems.” The National Association of Jewellers (now Jewellers of America) further solidified turquoise’s position in 1912, listing it as the primary stone with lapis lazuli as an alternative. Subsequent additions in 1952 and 2002 saw zircon and tanzanite, respectively, join the ranks of December birthstones, reflecting a growing appreciation for their unique qualities. This evolution demonstrates that birthstone lists are not static, but rather a reflection of changing tastes and discoveries.
The Quintet of December: Individual Characteristics
Each of the five December birthstones possesses distinct characteristics that contribute to its appeal. Turquoise, considered the most traditional choice, is celebrated for its captivating blue-green hues and long-held association with protection and good fortune. Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, is prized for its brilliant fire and range of colors, particularly its vibrant blues. Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery unearthed in Tanzania in 1967, is renowned for its unique blue to violet coloration and rarity, being found in only one location near Mount Kilimanjaro. Topaz, specifically blue topaz, offers a serene and calming aesthetic, while lapis lazuli, with its deep azure tones, has long been associated with wisdom and royalty.
Gemological Properties and Sources
While a comprehensive gemological profile for each stone requires extensive data beyond the provided sources, some key properties can be outlined. Blue topaz belongs to the silicate family, containing aluminum and fluorine, and exhibits a glass-like shine, though it is relatively brittle. Zircon is also known for its clarity and color range. Tanzanite’s unique coloration is a key factor in its desirability. Turquoise’s color is derived from its chemical composition, and its value is influenced by the intensity of its hue. Lapis lazuli’s deep blue color is a defining characteristic.
The sources indicate specific geographic origins for some of these stones. Tanzanite, notably, is exclusively found in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Turquoise has been historically sourced from various locations, though specific mining areas are not detailed in the provided materials. The origins of zircon, topaz, and lapis lazuli are not specified within these sources.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these December birthstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Turquoise is often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune, fostering inner calm and creativity. Lapis lazuli, with its association with royalty and wisdom, is believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge. Zircon is celebrated for its brilliance and is thought to promote prosperity and wisdom. Tanzanite is associated with transformation and intuition. Topaz, particularly blue topaz, is believed to instill a sense of serenity and promote communication. Collectively, these stones are believed to reflect a brilliance from every corner, making them suitable for use in significant jewelry pieces like engagement rings, wedding bands, and necklaces.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of December birthstones requires careful handling and appropriate cleaning methods. While specific guidance for each stone is limited within the provided sources, the mention of topaz’s “extremely fine cleavage” suggests it is delicate and requires gentle care. General best practices for gemstone care include avoiding harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and extreme temperature changes. Regular cleaning with mild soap and warm water, followed by a soft cloth polish, can help preserve their vibrancy.
A Table of December Birthstones
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Historical Significance | Modern Associations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue-Green | Protection, Good Fortune | Tranquility, Creativity |
| Zircon | Various, Blue Prominent | Ancient Mineral, Brilliance | Prosperity, Wisdom |
| Tanzanite | Blue to Violet | Recent Discovery, Rarity | Transformation, Intuition |
| Topaz | Blue | Serenity | Calming Energy |
| Lapis Lazuli | Deep Azure | Wisdom, Royalty | Inner Wisdom, Enlightenment |
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. The diverse selection available allows individuals to choose a gemstone that resonates with their personal style and beliefs. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time. As fine jewelry, December’s birthstones are not only stylish but also connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.