August boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. Among these, peridot stands out as the most commonly associated gem with the month, celebrated for its distinctive green hue and a history stretching back millennia. This article will delve into the fascinating world of peridot, exploring its geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and the lore surrounding this captivating gemstone.
A History Rooted in Ancient Civilizations
Peridot’s story begins in ancient times, with evidence of its use dating back to 1500 BC in ancient Egypt. Known then as the “gem of the sun,” peridot was highly prized and believed to possess protective qualities, warding off nightmares and fostering confidence, health, and positive energy. The primary source for these early peridots was the volcanic island of Zabargad in the Red Sea, a location that remained a significant source for centuries, until the early 20th century.
Interestingly, historical accounts often confused peridot with other green gemstones, such as emerald and topaz. The Red Sea island of Topazios, from which the name “topaz” is derived, was actually a major source of peridot. This misidentification continued for some time, with the 200 carats of gems adorning the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral, long believed to be emeralds, later confirmed to be peridot. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have largely consisted of this vibrant green gem.
Throughout the Middle Ages, peridot continued to be valued in Europe, adorning the vestments of high-ranking clergy and decorating church altars. Its popularity persisted into the Victorian era, frequently appearing in the intricate jewelry of the time.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is the gem variety of the mineral olivine, a silicate composed of magnesium and iron. Its distinctive green color is directly related to the amount of iron present within its crystal structure. Uniquely, peridot occurs in only one color – green – though the intensity and specific shade can vary from yellowish-green to olive green.
The formation of peridot is often linked to extreme geological conditions. It is frequently found in hardened lava, carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and has even been discovered in meteorites originating from outer space. This extraterrestrial origin adds to the mystique surrounding the gem. While Zabargad in the Red Sea was historically significant, modern sources include Myanmar (Burma), Vietnam, Pakistan, and the United States, particularly Arizona.
Gemological Properties
Peridot possesses a unique combination of properties that contribute to its appeal as a gemstone. While the provided sources do not offer detailed gemological data, they highlight key characteristics. Peridot is known for its vibrant green color, which is its most defining feature. The gem’s hue can range from yellowish-green to brownish-green, with the most desirable stones exhibiting a brilliant, clear green without any brown or yellow undertones.
The sources do not provide information on peridot’s hardness, refractive index, or specific gravity. However, its historical use in jewelry and its continued popularity suggest a reasonable level of durability for everyday wear.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning. Ancient Egyptians believed it possessed protective powers, shielding wearers from nightmares and promoting overall well-being. This belief in its protective qualities continued into the Middle Ages, where it was thought to ward off evil and enchantments.
More recently, Hawaiian traditions associate peridot with the tears of Pele, the goddess of volcanoes, brought to the surface by volcanic activity. This connection to volcanic origins further reinforces the gem’s association with powerful natural forces.
In modern times, peridot is often associated with good fortune and is traditionally given to celebrate the 16th year of marriage. It is also linked to the zodiac sign of Libra, representing those born between September 23rd and October 22nd. Additionally, it is considered a birthstone for those born under the zodiac sign of Gemini.
Peridot as a Birthstone: August and Beyond
While peridot is most prominently recognized as the August birthstone, its connection to astrology extends beyond a single month. It is also considered a zodiac stone for Virgo (August 23rd – September 22nd), alongside carnelian, agate, rose quartz, morganite, and sapphire. The concept of zodiac birthstones, as opposed to traditional monthly birthstones, aligns gemstones with astrological sign qualities, offering stones believed to promote properties suited to individual needs.
The recognition of spinel as a modern August birthstone in 2016 provides an additional option for those born in this month, while sardonyx remains the traditional August birthstone. This offers a diverse range of choices for individuals seeking a gemstone with personal significance.
Care and Cleaning
The sources provide limited information regarding the care and cleaning of peridot. However, given its composition and historical use in jewelry, it is reasonable to assume that peridot requires careful handling. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these can potentially damage the stone. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is recommended.
Conclusion
Peridot, the vibrant green gem of August, boasts a rich history, fascinating geological origins, and enduring symbolic significance. From its ancient origins as the “gem of the sun” in Egypt to its modern status as a beloved birthstone, peridot continues to captivate with its beauty and mystique. Its association with protection, good fortune, and volcanic power, combined with its unique geological formation, makes it a truly remarkable gemstone. Whether chosen as a birthstone, a zodiac stone, or simply for its aesthetic appeal, peridot remains a cherished treasure for generations to come.