Alexandrite, a captivating variety of the mineral chrysoberyl, holds a unique position among gemstones as one of June’s birthstones, alongside pearl and moonstone. Its remarkable ability to change color depending on the light source contributes to its exceptional value, often surpassing even that of diamonds. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and significance of this extraordinary gem, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
Alexandrite’s discovery is closely tied to Russian history. The gemstone was first found in 1830 in the Ural Mountains of Russia, a discovery that coincided with the birthday of Czar Alexander II, then heir to the throne. In honor of this fortuitous timing, the gemstone was named alexandrite. The gem’s colors – red and green – also resonated with Russia’s military colors, leading to its adoption as the national stone of Russia.
Since the late 1800s, birthstone jewelry has been a popular sentimental gift, and alexandrite, with its unique properties and historical connection, quickly gained prominence. While all gemstones on the birthstone chart possess their own beauty, alexandrite stands out due to its rarity and exceptional color-changing ability.
Geological Formation and Sources
Alexandrite is formed under specific geological conditions, making its occurrence relatively rare. The original source of alexandrite, the Ural Mountains of Russia, remains historically significant. However, the primary sources of alexandrite today are more diverse, though information on current mining locations is limited within the provided sources.
Gemological Properties
The defining characteristic of alexandrite is its color-changing property. In daylight, it appears bluish-green, while under incandescent light, it transforms into a purplish-red hue. This phenomenon is due to the gem’s ability to absorb different wavelengths of light depending on the source. Some jewelers playfully describe it as an “emerald by day and a ruby by night.”
Alexandrite is a variety of the mineral chrysoberyl. The provided sources do not detail the chemical composition or crystal structure of chrysoberyl, limiting the depth of gemological detail that can be included.
The value of alexandrite is significantly impacted by the intensity and clarity of its color change. A pronounced and distinct shift between green and red hues is highly desirable. The price per carat for alexandrite ranges from $15,000 to $70,000, making it one of the most expensive birthstones available.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Historically, emeralds, a related beryl mineral, symbolized strength and were exclusive to the royal and noble classes in ancient Egypt. While the sources do not explicitly state the symbolism associated with alexandrite itself, its connection to royalty through its naming and initial discovery suggests a similar association with power and prestige.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific guidance on the care and cleaning of alexandrite.
Other Notable Birthstones and Their Values
While alexandrite is a particularly expensive birthstone, several others also command high prices. Diamond, April’s birthstone, ranges from $3,500 to $10,000 per carat, with the most valuable diamonds being colorless (D color), internally flawless, and Type IIa (free of nitrogen and boron impurities). Fancy color diamonds, such as red, green, purple, orange, pink, and blue, are even rarer and more expensive.
Emerald, the birthstone for May, typically costs between $3,000 and $5,000 per carat. Emeralds often contain natural inclusions, referred to as jardins (French for “gardens”), which resemble moss or plant foliage. These inclusions are sometimes treated with oils or resins to improve transparency. Colombian emeralds are particularly prized and can reach prices of up to $100,000 per carat.
Sapphire, September’s birthstone, ranges from $2,000 to $10,000 per carat. Blue sapphire is the most well-known variety, but sapphires also come in a range of other colors, known as fancy color sapphires. Kashmir sapphires, with their intense blue color and velvety appearance, are highly valued and considered a status symbol in the gem trade. Ceylon sapphires, from Sri Lanka, are typically lighter and brighter in color.
Tanzanite, one of December’s birthstones, costs between $1,000 and $1,500 per carat. This gemstone, discovered in Tanzania in 1967, exhibits pleochroism, meaning it reflects different colors depending on the light. The most valuable tanzanites display a deep violetish-blue color.
Modern and Traditional Birthstone Lists
The concept of birthstones has evolved over time. While a standardized list emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, there are both modern and traditional birthstone charts. The modern chart includes garnet for January, amethyst for February, aquamarine for March, diamond for April, emerald for May, alexandrite for June, ruby for July, peridot and spinel for August, sapphire for September, tourmaline for October, topaz and citrine for November, and blue zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite for December. The traditional chart includes some variations, such as bloodstone for March and turquoise for December. Jewelers and individuals often choose from both lists based on preference and availability.
The Increasing Popularity of Alternative Gemstones
In recent years, gemstones like spinel and tanzanite have gained popularity as modern birthstone options. These additions offer a wider range of choices and price points for consumers. However, traditional gemstones like turquoise and pearl remain popular due to their affordability and cultural significance.
Conclusion
Alexandrite stands as a remarkable gemstone, celebrated for its captivating color-changing properties and rich history. Its association with Russian royalty and its rarity contribute to its exceptional value, often exceeding that of diamonds. As one of June’s birthstones, alexandrite continues to fascinate gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry buyers alike, representing a unique blend of scientific wonder and historical significance. The provided sources highlight the gem’s unique qualities and its place among the world’s most prized gemstones.