December is unique among months, boasting not one, but a stunning array of birthstones: turquoise, blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, and lapis lazuli. Each gem carries its own distinct history, symbolism, and aesthetic appeal, reflecting the cool tones and festive spirit of the winter season. These stones have resonated with humanity for centuries, adorning royalty, influencing spiritual practices, and captivating gem enthusiasts with their brilliance and beauty.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices. These colored gems were believed to be blessed, offering benefits to those who wore them in rings, pendants, and other jewelry. Turquoise, in particular, possesses a long and storied past. It was cherished by ancient Egyptians, adorning pharaohs, and held sacred significance for Native American tribes, who utilized it in ceremonial jewelry. Lapis lazuli, with its deep blue hue and golden pyrite inclusions, was similarly associated with royalty and spirituality, appearing in art, jewelry, and spiritual practices.
While turquoise and zircon have historically been considered primary December birthstones, the modern list expanded to include blue topaz and tanzanite, reflecting evolving tastes and discoveries. The appeal of these stones isn’t merely aesthetic; they are interwoven with tales of luck, thoughtfulness, peace, and positive energy. December-born individuals are often described as possessing a playful yet thoughtful demeanor, mirroring the calming hues and perceived benefits of their birthstones.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of December’s birthstones are geographically diverse. Blue zircon is primarily mined in Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand, and is known for its exceptional brilliance. Turquoise, as its name suggests, is often associated with Turkey, though significant deposits are also found in the United States, particularly in the southwestern regions. Blue topaz occurs in various locations, while tanzanite is sourced from a single, relatively small area – the foothills of Mount Kilimanjaro. Lapis lazuli has been mined for millennia in Afghanistan, and continues to be a significant source for this vibrant blue stone.
The formation of these gems varies. Zircon forms in igneous rocks, while turquoise is a secondary mineral, forming in arid regions through the interaction of copper-rich solutions with aluminum and phosphorus-bearing rocks. Topaz crystallizes in volcanic and metamorphic rocks, and tanzanite’s formation is linked to the geological activity associated with the East African Rift Valley.
Gemological Properties
Each December birthstone exhibits unique gemological properties. Blue zircon is renowned for its high refractive index and strong dispersion, often outshining even diamonds in brilliance. It registers a hardness of 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale. Turquoise, a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, typically ranges from 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft and requiring careful handling.
Blue topaz, a silicate mineral containing aluminum and fluorine, boasts a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it more durable. Tanzanite, a variety of the mineral zoisite, also has a hardness of 6.5 to 7, and displays a remarkable pleochroism, exhibiting different colors when viewed from different angles. Lapis lazuli, a metamorphic rock composed primarily of lazurite, also falls within the 5 to 6 range on the Mohs scale.
A comparative overview of hardness is presented below:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Blue Zircon | 6 - 7.5 |
| Turquoise | 5 - 6 |
| Blue Topaz | 8 |
| Tanzanite | 6.5 - 7 |
| Lapis Lazuli | 5 - 6 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, December’s birthstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise is often associated with luck, positivity, and calm, believed to bring serenity and good fortune to the wearer. Blue zircon is said to promote wisdom, honor, and prosperity. Blue topaz symbolizes love and affection, while tanzanite is believed to facilitate transformation and spiritual growth. Lapis lazuli, with its historical connection to royalty and spirituality, is often associated with truth, wisdom, and inner power.
These beliefs are deeply rooted in cultural traditions. The perceived mystical properties of turquoise have made it a valued talisman for centuries, while the vibrant colors of lapis lazuli have linked it to divine realms. The modern association of these stones with specific meanings reflects a continuing desire to imbue gemstones with personal significance.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and vibrancy of December birthstones. Due to its relative softness, turquoise requires gentle handling and should be protected from scratches and harsh chemicals. Cleaning can be done with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Blue topaz, with its greater hardness, is more durable but should still be protected from abrasive materials.
Zircon and tanzanite also benefit from gentle cleaning with mild soap and water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can damage the stones. Lapis lazuli, being a softer material, requires similar care to turquoise. Regular cleaning and careful storage will help ensure that these gemstones retain their luster for years to come.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – turquoise, blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, and lapis lazuli – represent a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From ancient talismans to modern expressions of personal style, these gems continue to captivate and inspire. Their diverse colors, ranging from the serene blues of topaz and zircon to the earthy elegance of turquoise and the velvety allure of tanzanite, offer a unique and meaningful connection to the winter season and the individuals born within it. These stones are more than just beautiful; they are tangible links to cultural narratives and enduring traditions, enhancing both aesthetic appeal and personal significance.