Ruby, a captivating red gemstone, holds a prominent place in the world of precious stones and is recognized as the birthstone for July. Its vibrant hue, exceptional durability, and rich history have made it a symbol of passion, protection, and prosperity for millennia. This article will delve into the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and cultural lore surrounding this remarkable gem, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
The history of ruby is deeply intertwined with human civilization. Sources indicate that rubies have been prized for centuries, with their use documented across various cultures. While specific dates of initial discovery are not provided, the sources highlight the ruby’s enduring appeal. The gem’s intense color has long been associated with life force and vitality.
A fascinating, though perhaps less-verified, aspect of ruby’s history lies in its connection to scientific advancement. Sources state that the red fluorescence of ruby played a crucial role in the creation of the first working laser in 1960. This innovative application continues today, with both natural and synthetic rubies utilized in lasers, watches, and medical instruments, demonstrating the gem’s unique physical properties.
The sources also mention the appreciation of rubies in their natural, unpolished form, noting their “gorgeous organic beauty and deeper pinky, red earth tones.” This suggests a shift in aesthetic preference, valuing the gem’s raw, natural state alongside its faceted brilliance.
Geological Formation and Sources
Ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, and its characteristic red color is attributed to the presence of iron within its chemical structure. The sources do not detail the specific geological processes involved in ruby formation, but they do emphasize the importance of iron as the defining element separating ruby from other corundum varieties, such as sapphire.
Information regarding specific mining locations is limited. However, the sources mention Tanzania as the origin of Tanzanite, a gemstone discovered in the 1960s, and implicitly suggest that ruby sources are also geographically diverse. The sources do not provide a comprehensive list of ruby mining locations.
Gemological Properties
Rubies possess exceptional physical properties that contribute to their value and desirability. The sources state that ruby measures 9 on the Mohs hardness scale, making it one of the hardest naturally occurring gemstones. Only diamonds surpass ruby in hardness. This durability makes ruby well-suited for use in jewelry, ensuring its longevity and resistance to scratching.
The sources do not provide information on ruby’s chemical formula, refractive index, or specific gravity. However, they do highlight the gem’s ability to exhibit different shades depending on the viewing angle, a characteristic particularly notable in Tanzanite, a related gemstone.
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties mentioned in the sources:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 9 |
| Composition | Corundum with Iron |
| Color | Red |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, rubies have been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Sources indicate that rubies were believed to possess healing powers during the Middle Ages, particularly for ailments affecting the brain and pituitary gland. Ancient healers purportedly used heated rubies to draw out toxins from the body while patients slept.
Modern beliefs, as referenced in the sources, suggest that diamonds (April’s birthstone) can enhance relationships and increase inner strength. While not directly attributed to rubies, this highlights a broader tradition of associating gemstones with positive personal qualities. Tanzanite is also believed to bring composure, poise, and harmony.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of ruby jewelry requires proper care. The sources specifically address emerald care, noting that emeralds (ranking 7.5-8 on the Mohs scale) require gentle cleaning with mild soap and warm water using a soft brush. Ultrasonic cleaners, harsh chemicals, and extreme temperature changes should be avoided. While the sources do not provide specific care instructions for rubies, their higher hardness suggests they are somewhat more resilient than emeralds, though similar gentle cleaning practices are advisable.
Other Gemstones and Birthstone Traditions
The sources also provide information on other gemstones and birthstone traditions. June is traditionally associated with pearl and moonstone. Pearls are unique as the only gemstones created by living creatures, formed within mollusks. Moonstone, named by the Roman historian Pliny, is known for its shimmering appearance that changes with the lunar phases. The finest classical moonstones originate from Sri Lanka, though sources are now found in India, Australia, Myanmar, Madagascar, and the United States.
December birthstones include Tanzanite, Zircon, and Turquoise. Tanzanite, discovered in Tanzania in the 1960s, is prized for its blue-violet hues and color-changing ability. Zircon, available in various colors, symbolizes clarity and honesty and has been used as a talisman for travelers. Turquoise, featured in handcrafted jewelry, adds a touch of vibrant color.
Additional Gemstones Mentioned
The sources briefly mention several other gemstones, including:
- Aquamarine: Featured in beaded necklaces with gold accents.
- Lapis Lazuli: Used in pendants and earrings, often paired with hematite or silver.
- Amethyst: Incorporated into dangle earrings.
- Garnet, Carnelian, Citrine: Used in cluster earrings.
- Topaz: Featured in pendant necklaces.
- Onyx and Marcasite: Used in cocktail rings.
- Turquoise: Used in necklaces.
- Jade and Quartz: Used in earrings.
These mentions, while not detailed, demonstrate the breadth of gemstones utilized in jewelry design.
Conclusion
Ruby remains a highly valued and culturally significant gemstone. Its exceptional hardness, vibrant color, and historical associations with passion, protection, and power continue to captivate and inspire. From its ancient origins to its modern applications in scientific instruments, ruby’s enduring appeal is a testament to its unique qualities. While the provided sources offer a glimpse into the world of ruby, further research is needed to fully explore its geological formation, mining locations, and the full spectrum of its metaphysical beliefs.