Tanzanite is a captivating gemstone, recognized as a December birthstone alongside blue zircon and blue topaz. Its relatively recent discovery and striking pleochroism – the ability to display different colors depending on the viewing angle – have quickly established it as a highly sought-after gem. Found exclusively in a small area of Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro, tanzanite is prized for its vibrant hues of blue, violet, and purple. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and care of this remarkable gemstone, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
Tanzanite is a modern addition to the world of gemstones, with its discovery occurring in the 1960s. Unlike many birthstones steeped in centuries of tradition, tanzanite’s story is relatively recent. The gem was initially misidentified as sapphire or spinel due to its similar coloring. It was Tiffany & Co. who correctly identified the gem as a variety of zoisite and gave it the name “tanzanite,” after its country of origin, Tanzania.
The gem’s rapid rise to fame was almost instantaneous, fueled by its gorgeous color, high clarity, and the availability of large stones. Its association with December as a birthstone further contributed to its popularity, offering an alternative to the more traditional blue topaz and zircon. The gem is often seen as a symbol of uniqueness, stemming from its limited geographical origin – found in only a small region of Tanzania.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite is exclusively sourced from the Merelani Hills in northern Tanzania, near the base of Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited geographical origin contributes significantly to its rarity and value. The gem forms within metamorphic rocks, created by intense heat and pressure. It begins as brownish zoisite, and requires heat treatment to reveal the desirable blue to violet hues. This heat treatment is a standard practice and does not compromise the gem’s durability.
The geological conditions necessary for tanzanite formation are exceptionally rare, leading experts to believe that the Tanzanian deposit is the only commercially viable source of this gemstone in the world. This exclusivity reinforces its status as a unique and precious gem.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is a calcium aluminum silicate with a chemical formula that is not explicitly stated in the provided sources. It registers between 6 and 7 on the Mohs hardness scale, indicating a moderate level of durability. While not as hard as diamonds or sapphires, it is still suitable for jewelry, particularly in earrings and pendants. Rings and bracelets require more careful consideration due to the gem’s susceptibility to abrasion.
The most prized tanzanite colors are vibrant blues and violets. The gem exhibits strong pleochroism, meaning it displays different colors when viewed from different angles. This phenomenon is a key characteristic of tanzanite and contributes to its captivating appearance.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6 - 7 |
| Pleochroism | Present |
| Color | Blue, Violet, Purple |
| Origin | Tanzania |
| Treatment | Heat Treated |
Tanzanite is resistant to the effects of normal heat, light, and common chemicals. However, it can crack if exposed to very high temperatures or sudden temperature changes. It is also susceptible to attack by hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
While the sources do not detail extensive historical symbolism, tanzanite is often associated with transformation and new beginnings, perhaps due to its relatively recent discovery and the dramatic color change achieved through heat treatment. The gem is also linked to intuition and spiritual awareness. Its unique origin and captivating beauty contribute to its appeal as a meaningful gemstone.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of tanzanite jewelry. Due to its moderate hardness, tanzanite is prone to scratches and abrasions. It is best set in earrings or pendants to minimize exposure to wear and tear. While it can be worn in rings, it is not recommended for daily wear and should be treated with extra care.
Cleaning tanzanite is best achieved with warm, soapy water and a soft toothbrush. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners should never be used, as they can damage the gemstone. Avoid exposing tanzanite to high temperatures or sudden temperature changes, as this can cause cracking.
Market Forms and Availability
The provided sources highlight a variety of jewelry featuring tanzanite, including rings, pendants, earrings, and necklaces. Designs range from solitaire settings to more elaborate pieces incorporating diamonds. Several retailers offer tanzanite in various qualities, carat weights, and metal settings, often accompanied by a certificate of authenticity. The sources also showcase sales and discounts on tanzanite jewelry, indicating a dynamic market.
Conclusion
Tanzanite is a remarkable gemstone that has quickly gained prominence as a December birthstone. Its unique origin, captivating colors, and relatively recent discovery contribute to its allure. While requiring careful handling due to its moderate hardness, tanzanite offers a stunning and meaningful option for jewelry enthusiasts. Its exclusivity and beauty ensure its continued popularity as a cherished gemstone for years to come.