December is unique among months, boasting not one, but four recognized birthstones: Tanzanite, Zircon, Turquoise, and Blue Topaz. Each gemstone carries its own distinct history, geological origins, and symbolic meaning, contributing to the rich tapestry of December’s celebratory hues. This article will explore the characteristics of each of these gemstones, detailing their origins, properties, and cultural significance as revealed by available sources.
A History of Multiple Stones
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back centuries, evolving over time. Initially, many months had multiple birthstones, often reflecting availability and regional preferences. The standardization of modern birthstones occurred in 1950 by the Jewelers of America, though traditional associations continue to hold significance. December exemplifies this duality, possessing both modern and traditional birthstones. The presence of four stones for December adds to the month’s special allure, offering a diverse range of choices for those seeking a meaningful gemstone connection.
Tanzanite: A Recent Discovery
Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, first discovered in the Mererani Hills of northern Tanzania in the 1960s. It is a variety of the mineral zoisite, notable for its captivating blue-violet color, which can range from pale lavender to deep purple. Initially known as “blue-violet zoisite,” the name “tanzanite” was coined in 1968 by Tiffany & Co. as a more marketable designation, directly referencing its Tanzanian origin.
Due to its unique geological formation, tanzanite is found in only one location worldwide, further contributing to its rarity and value. It ranks 6-7 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it suitable for various jewelry applications, including engagement rings and special occasion pieces. Tanzanite is believed to promote wisdom, insight, and spiritual enlightenment.
Zircon: A Gem with Ancient Roots
Zircon is a gemstone with a long and storied history, used in jewelry for thousands of years. It occurs in a variety of colors, including blue, brown, and yellow, forming from the crystallization of magma. Common sources for zircon include Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Madagascar. Its hardness ranges from 6-7.5 on the Mohs scale.
Historically, zircon was believed to possess protective qualities, warding off evil spirits and reducing nightmares. It was also associated with wisdom, honor, and wealth during the Middle Ages. Interestingly, scientists believe zircon exists on the sun and has even been found in lunar rocks brought back from the moon. Zircon is prized for its brilliance and fire, making it a popular choice for fine jewelry.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Good Fortune
Turquoise, a beautiful blue-green gemstone, is the traditional birthstone for December. It forms in dry, arid regions and is commonly found in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Iran. Turquoise scores a 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, indicating a relatively softer composition.
The distinctive vein-like markings often seen in turquoise, known as the “matrix,” generally lower the gemstone’s value. Throughout history, turquoise has been revered for its protective properties and association with good luck. Native American tribes believed it brought protection against evil and healing, while ancient Egyptians used it to decorate the tombs of pharaohs, believing it offered similar safeguarding benefits. Notably, the color turquoise itself derives its name from the gemstone, rather than the other way around.
Blue Topaz: A Gem of Celebration
While the provided sources do not offer specific details on Blue Topaz, it is listed as one of December’s birthstones alongside Tanzanite, Zircon, and Turquoise. Further research would be needed to provide a comprehensive overview of its properties and history.
Gemological Properties at a Glance
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties of the December birthstones discussed in the provided sources:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Color(s) | Mohs Hardness | Notable Locations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanzanite | Zoisite | Blue-Violet | 6-7 | Tanzania |
| Zircon | Zircon | Blue, Brown, Yellow | 6-7.5 | Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Madagascar |
| Turquoise | Hydrated Copper Aluminum Phosphate | Blue-Green | 5-6 | Southwestern US, Mexico, Iran |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these December birthstones carries symbolic weight and has been attributed with various metaphysical properties throughout history. Tanzanite is associated with wisdom and spiritual enlightenment. Zircon was believed to bring wisdom, honor, wealth, and protection from evil. Turquoise symbolizes good luck, protection, and healing. While specific beliefs surrounding Blue Topaz are not detailed in the provided sources, birthstones generally are thought to influence the wearer’s well-being and fortune.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their varying hardness levels, each of these gemstones requires specific care to maintain its brilliance. Tanzanite, with a hardness of 6-7, is relatively durable but should be protected from harsh impacts. Zircon, also ranking 6-7.5, requires similar care. Turquoise, being softer at 5-6, is more susceptible to scratches and should be handled with extra caution. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth is generally recommended for all these gemstones. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, which could damage their surfaces.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Tanzanite, Zircon, Turquoise, and Blue Topaz – represent a diverse and captivating collection of gemstones. From the recent discovery of Tanzanite in Tanzania to the ancient origins of Zircon and Turquoise, each stone carries a unique history and symbolic meaning. Their varying colors, properties, and cultural associations offer a wealth of choices for those seeking a gemstone connection to the final month of the year. These stones continue to be cherished for their beauty, rarity, and the enduring beliefs associated with their power and protection.