December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but five recognized birthstones: zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, turquoise, and lapis lazuli. This abundance offers a diverse range of choices in color, price, and personal meaning, catering to a variety of tastes and histories. These gemstones, steeped in history and symbolism, reflect the cool tones of winter and the festive spirit of the season.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices. These colored gems were believed to be blessed, offering benefits to those who wore them in rings, pendants, and other jewelry. While the modern list of birthstones has evolved, the core belief in their power and significance remains. Turquoise and zircon have long been considered primary December birthstones, their blue hues representing the chill of winter. Lapis lazuli, with its deep azure tones, has been associated with wisdom and royalty since antiquity, considered a stone of truth and enlightenment. Tanzanite, a more recent discovery, quickly gained popularity for its captivating color and rarity.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are as varied as the stones themselves. Turquoise, a copper aluminum phosphate, forms through a fascinating geological process. Rainwater or melted snow percolates through copper ore deposits, creating an acidic solution that interacts with aluminum and potassium in the surrounding rocks, precipitating turquoise into cavities within weathered volcanic and sedimentary rock, typically found in arid locations.
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, offering significant geological value.
Tanzanite, however, is remarkably localized in its origin. This exquisite blue-violet crystal is found exclusively in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, making it a truly rare gem.
Gemological Properties
Each December birthstone possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal. Turquoise, with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, is a relatively soft gemstone, susceptible to scratching and discoloration from oils and pigments. Its porous nature also means it can change color when it loses water content.
Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and range of colors.
Blue topaz is known for its calm, serene colors.
Tanzanite is prized for its unique blue to violet color, a result of its chemical composition and pleochroism – displaying different colors when viewed from different angles.
Lapis lazuli is characterized by its deep azure color, stemming from the presence of sulfur within its structure.
Here's a comparative overview of hardness:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Zircon | 6.5-7.5 |
| Blue Topaz | 8 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
| Lapis Lazuli | 5-6 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, December birthstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Turquoise has long been revered as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune, instilling a sense of inner calm and fostering creativity. Lapis lazuli, associated with wisdom and royalty, was believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge.
Tanzanite, while a relatively recent discovery, is associated with healing, protection, and self-transformation. Some believe it can activate the throat, third-eye, and crown chakras, facilitating psychic abilities and communication with higher dimensions. Zircon, valued for its clarity and color range, is considered a stone of prosperity and wisdom.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of December birthstones. Due to its relative softness and porosity, turquoise requires gentle handling and should be protected from scratches, impacts, and prolonged exposure to oils and chemicals. Cleaning can be done with a soft cloth and mild soapy water, but avoid harsh cleaners or ultrasonic cleaners.
Topaz, being a harder stone, is more durable but can still be chipped with a sharp blow. It can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush.
Tanzanite, while relatively durable, is susceptible to damage from heat and sudden temperature changes. Cleaning should be done with warm soapy water and a soft cloth.
Zircon and Lapis Lazuli also benefit from gentle cleaning with mild soap and water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners for all these stones.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time. As fine jewelry, December's birthstones are not only stylish but also connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.