December boasts a unique distinction among the calendar months: not one, but three recognized birthstones – Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon. While historically other gems like Ruby, Lapis Lazuli, and even Chrysoprase held associations with December, these three represent the modern and most widely accepted birthstones for those born in the final month of the year. Each gem offers a distinct allure, rich history, and symbolic meaning, providing a diverse range of options for individuals seeking a personal connection to their birthstone. This article will delve into the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and cultural lore surrounding these captivating December birthstones.
A History of December’s Gems
The association of gemstones with specific months dates back centuries, often linked to astrological signs and ancient beliefs. Ruby was once considered a December birthstone in ancient times, believed to sharpen the mind and encourage affection. Similarly, Chrysoprase held significance as the old Russian birthstone for December, thought to bring good fortune and heal emotional wounds. Tibetan traditions favored Onyx for its protective energies and promotion of happiness, while Bloodstone was a traditional choice, symbolizing courage and vitality.
However, the landscape of December birthstones shifted over time. Lapis Lazuli was a recognized birthstone prior to the 1950s, valued by ancient royalty and artists for its association with self-mastery and protection. In 1952, Zircon officially replaced Lapis Lazuli as a December birthstone. More recently, in 2002, Tanzanite was added to the list of December birthstones in the United States, expanding the choices available to those born in this month. Turquoise has maintained a long-standing association with December, rooted in ancient shamanistic practices.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel
Tanzanite, a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, is a blue and violet variety of the mineral zoisite. Its discovery in the 1960s in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania quickly propelled it to popularity. Remarkably, Tanzanite is found in only this single geographic location, making it exceptionally rare – some sources claim it is rarer than diamonds. Miners must dig to depths exceeding 300 feet to unearth this captivating gem.
Tanzanite exhibits a unique optical phenomenon called pleochroism, meaning it displays different colors when viewed from different angles and under varying lighting conditions. This characteristic adds to its allure and makes each stone visually distinct. With a Mohs hardness of 7, Tanzanite is durable enough for jewelry, including engagement rings, though it is susceptible to abrasion and cracking, and is best suited for occasional wear. It pairs beautifully with white metals like platinum and white gold, enhancing its vibrant hues.
Turquoise: Ancient Protection and Prosperity
Turquoise, a gemstone steeped in history and lore, has been associated with December for thousands of years. Ancient shamans revered it as a talisman of protection, prosperity, and good luck. Its distinctive color, ranging from robin’s egg blue to greenish-blue, often features unique veining patterns, making each stone one-of-a-kind.
Turquoise is an opaque gemstone believed to dispel negative energy and provide a shield against environmental pollutants. It is also thought to enhance intuition, release inhibitions, and allow for authentic self-expression. Care for Turquoise jewelry requires gentle handling, as it is a porous stone that can absorb chemicals from lotions, perfumes, and other substances, potentially altering its color. Storing it in a pouch or box when not worn is recommended.
Zircon: Joy and Emotional Balance
Zircon, one of the modern December birthstones, is available in a variety of colors, though blue zircon is most commonly associated with the month. This gem is believed to encourage joy and emotional balance. While often confused with cubic zirconia, a synthetic diamond simulant, natural zircon is a distinct gemstone with its own unique properties.
Historically, Zircon was considered a traditional December birthstone alongside Turquoise. It possesses a quiet vibration and is valued for its brilliance and fire. The sources do not provide specific details on the geological formation or mining locations of Zircon.
Gemological Properties at a Glance
The following table summarizes the key gemological properties of the three December birthstones:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) | Transparency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanzanite | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | Blue, Violet | 7 | Transparent |
| Turquoise | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | Blue to Greenish-Blue | 5-6 | Opaque |
| Zircon | ZrSiO₄ | Various, commonly Blue | 6.5-7.5 | Transparent to Opaque |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these December birthstones carries its own unique symbolism and metaphysical properties. Tanzanite is associated with dignity, truth, and wisdom, and is believed to facilitate the sharing of spiritual insights. Turquoise represents protection, prosperity, and inner peace, while Zircon is thought to enhance mental clarity and confidence. Blue Topaz, also a December birthstone, is believed to channel inner wisdom and open pathways to opportunity.
Choosing the Right December Birthstone
Selecting the ideal December birthstone is a personal decision. The sources suggest considering individual preferences and personality traits. Turquoise may be suitable for those seeking inner peace, while Zircon is believed to enhance mental clarity and confidence. Ultimately, the best birthstone is the one that resonates most strongly with the individual.
Care and Maintenance
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of these gemstones. Turquoise, being porous, requires protection from chemicals and should be stored carefully. Tanzanite, while durable, is susceptible to abrasion and should be handled with care. Zircon, with its moderate hardness, should also be protected from scratches and impacts. Regular cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap is recommended for all three gemstones.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon – offer a captivating array of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings. From the rarity of Tanzanite to the ancient protection offered by Turquoise and the joyful energy of Zircon, each gem provides a unique connection to the month of December. Whether chosen for their aesthetic beauty, historical significance, or metaphysical properties, these birthstones are treasured symbols of those born in the final month of the year.