December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, offering not one, but four distinct gemstones to those born within its span: blue topaz, blue zircon, tanzanite, and turquoise. Each of these gems presents a different shade of blue, mirroring the cool tones of the winter season, and carries its own rich history and symbolism. While turquoise holds the distinction as the most traditional December birthstone, the inclusion of tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, expands the choices available to those seeking a meaningful connection to their birth month.
A History of December’s Gems
The story of December birthstones is one of evolving traditions. Early associations with birthstones were often linked to religious texts, specifically the breastplate of Aaron and the foundation stones of New Jerusalem, with lists arranged by month. However, modern interpretations offer a broader selection, reflecting both historical usage and contemporary preferences. Turquoise, with its ancient origins, has been prized for centuries. Sources indicate its presence in Persia and along the Sinai Peninsula, reaching Europe through trade routes from Constantinople. From the earliest times, it was favored for amulets, easily carved and inscribed, believed to offer protection against danger and bring good fortune. Across cultures, turquoise symbolized enduring relationships, friendship, and even warned of impending illness by losing its luster. Tibetans considered it a stone of fortune, health, and success, even using it as currency. Native American tribes of the Southwest associated it with youth and strength, and combined with gold, it represented vitality and longevity.
Zircon, with a name originating from the Arabic word for “jewel” and the Sanskrit “rahuratna,” also boasts a long history. Ancient physicians wore it believing it aided in diagnosis, and it was used as an amulet against the Black Death. In India, its potency was thought to be enhanced when set in gold.
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Its relatively recent emergence means its historical lore is less extensive than that of turquoise or zircon, but its striking beauty quickly captured attention, with notable figures like Anne Hathaway, Cate Blanchett, and Sarah Jessica Parker seen wearing tanzanite jewelry.
Blue topaz, while not always listed among the traditional three, has become a popular choice for its calming energy and icy blue clarity.
Geological Origins and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Australia and South Africa are major producers of zircon, accounting for approximately 70% of the world’s supply, with additional sources in Sri Lanka and India. Turquoise, historically found in Persia and the Sinai Peninsula, is also mined in the United States, particularly in the Southwest. Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one location: the Merelani Hills of Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value. Blue topaz is sourced from various locations, including Brazil, Nigeria, and Russia.
Gemological Properties
Each of these gemstones possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal. While a comprehensive analysis requires data beyond the provided sources, some key characteristics can be outlined.
Zircon comes closest to diamond in radiance, though it is softer. Colorless zircon, known as jargoon, is particularly diamond-like. Zircon exhibits a variety of colors, including orange-red (jacinth or hyacinth) and blue.
Turquoise is known for its opaque nature and varying shades of blue, often with matrix patterns.
Tanzanite is famed for its trichroism, displaying different colors – blue, violet, and burgundy – depending on the viewing angle.
Blue topaz, a variety of the mineral topaz, is known for its clarity and range of blue hues, from pale sky blue to deep London blue.
A comparative table, though limited by available data, can illustrate some key differences:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Transparency | Notable Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Blue | Transparent | Clarity, range of blues |
| Blue Zircon | Blue, Colorless | Transparent | Diamond-like radiance |
| Tanzanite | Blue, Violet, Burgundy | Transparent | Trichroism |
| Turquoise | Blue, Green-Blue | Opaque | Matrix patterns |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Turquoise was considered a protective stone, safeguarding relationships, warning of danger, and promoting health. Hindu mystics believed holding turquoise during a new moon would bring wealth.
Zircon was believed to counteract evil spirits and was used as an amulet against plague. It was also associated with wisdom and good fortune.
Tanzanite, while newer to the lore, is often associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual awareness.
Blue topaz is believed to promote communication, courage, and emotional balance.
Sapphire, also listed as a special apostle birthstone for December, was regarded as a gemstone of divine and beautiful thoughts, offering protection from evil forces. Ancient Hebrews believed it symbolized wisdom, and some traditions claim King Solomon possessed a sapphire.
Choosing a December Birthstone
The abundance of choices for December birthstones allows individuals to select a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs. Those drawn to tradition might favor turquoise, while those seeking a more modern and vibrant option might choose tanzanite. Blue zircon offers a diamond-like sparkle, and blue topaz provides a calming and serene energy. Ultimately, the “best” December birthstone is the one that holds the most personal significance for the wearer.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of these gemstones. While specific cleaning methods vary, general guidelines apply. Turquoise, being relatively soft, requires gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Zircon, while harder, can be scratched, so avoid abrasive materials. Tanzanite and blue topaz can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. It is advisable to have gemstones professionally cleaned and inspected periodically to ensure their longevity.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – blue topaz, blue zircon, tanzanite, and turquoise – represent a diverse and captivating collection of gems. From the ancient lore surrounding turquoise and zircon to the modern allure of tanzanite and the serene beauty of blue topaz, each stone offers a unique connection to the month of December. The choice is a personal one, allowing individuals to select a gem that reflects their personality, beliefs, and appreciation for the enduring beauty of the natural world.