December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, offering not one, but a selection of four – and sometimes five – gemstones to those born within its span. Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, Zircon, Turquoise, and Lapis Lazuli all represent the December birth month, each possessing a distinct history, aesthetic appeal, and symbolic meaning. While Blue Topaz is frequently mentioned, this article will focus on the three most prominently featured gems within the provided sources: Tanzanite, Blue Zircon, and Turquoise, exploring their origins, properties, and cultural significance.
A Trio of Blues: Historical Roots and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, evolving from biblical connections and early cultural practices. These colored gems were believed to bestow blessings upon those who wore them, appearing in rings, pendants, and other forms of jewelry. This practice isn’t a recent trend, but rather a custom rooted in medieval history.
Turquoise boasts the longest history of the three, originating in the 13th century. Its name itself is derived from a French expression, “Turkish stone,” reflecting early trade routes through Turkey where the gem was first introduced to Europe. For centuries, Turquoise has been cherished for its spiritual and healing qualities, particularly within Native American cultures where it was a central component of traditional attire.
Zircon, conversely, is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, lending it significant geological and historical value. Its use as a gemstone extends back millennia, though the specific association with December is a more recent development.
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Its relatively recent discovery contributes to its mystique and increasing popularity.
Geological Formation and Sources
The formation of these three gemstones occurs through vastly different geological processes and in geographically distinct locations.
Turquoise is formed in relatively shallow deposits, often near copper mines, through a process of weathering and hydration of copper-rich rocks. The southwestern regions of the United States are particularly renowned for their Turquoise deposits, though it is also found in Iran, Egypt, and other parts of the world.
Zircon forms in igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks, crystallizing from magma or during the transformation of existing rocks under intense heat and pressure. It is found in a variety of locations globally, including Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Australia. The sources offer no specific details on the geological formation of blue zircon.
Tanzanite’s origin is remarkably localized. It is found in only one area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, making it a uniquely geographically restricted gemstone. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value. It forms within metamorphic rocks, created by intense heat and pressure.
Gemological Properties
Each of these December birthstones possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its distinct appearance and durability.
Turquoise: Typically ranges in shades of blue, though it can also exhibit green hues, and varies in transparency from translucent to opaque. Its chemical composition is complex, being a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum.
Zircon: Is celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors, though the blue variety is particularly favored as a December birthstone. It can also be found in golden, red, and clear varieties, sometimes resembling diamonds in their sparkle. The sources do not provide the chemical composition of Zircon.
Tanzanite: Is highly prized for its unique blue to violet color, often displaying trichroism – exhibiting different colors when viewed from different angles. Its color is often compared to that of sapphire. The sources do not provide the chemical composition of Tanzanite.
A comparative overview of hardness, based on the Mohs scale (though not explicitly stated in the sources, this is standard gemological knowledge and helps contextualize care instructions):
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Zircon | 6.5-7.5 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties.
Turquoise is believed to contain special healing powers, promoting wealth and good fortune to the wearer. It is often associated with protection and positive energy, fostering inner calm and creativity.
Zircon is valued for its wonderful clarity and color range, and its long history imbues it with a sense of timelessness and stability.
Tanzanite, due to its relatively recent discovery, has developed a reputation for representing new beginnings and transformation. Its unique color is often associated with wisdom and dignity.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and vibrancy of these December birthstones.
Given its relatively lower hardness, Turquoise is susceptible to scratching and should be protected from harsh impacts. Cleaning should be done gently with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals.
Zircon, with its greater hardness, is more durable but can still be chipped or scratched. Cleaning can be performed with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Tanzanite, while relatively durable, is sensitive to heat and sudden temperature changes. Cleaning should be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush, avoiding ultrasonic cleaners and steam cleaning.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Tanzanite, Zircon, and Turquoise – offer a captivating spectrum of blues, each with a unique history, geological origin, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient origins of Turquoise to the modern discovery of Tanzanite and the enduring legacy of Zircon, these gemstones provide a diverse range of options for those born in the final month of the year. They are more than just beautiful adornments; they are tangible connections to history, culture, and the earth’s remarkable geological processes. Choosing among these gems allows individuals to express their personality and connect with a rich tapestry of tradition and symbolism.