December is unique among the months, boasting not one, but a spectrum of birthstones. Traditionally, Turquoise and Zircon have held prominence, but modern lists include Tanzanite, Lapis Lazuli, and Blue Topaz, offering a diverse palette of color and meaning for those born in the final month of the year. This abundance reflects a long history of assigning gemstones to specific months, a practice rooted in ancient traditions and evolving over time. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism associated with these December birthstones, providing a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and those seeking to understand the significance of these captivating gems.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, with roots in both astrological beliefs and religious practices. While the precise origins are debated, the practice gained traction in medieval Europe, with jewelers creating specific pieces for each month. The connection between gemstones and the zodiac signs further solidified this tradition. For December, both Turquoise and Zircon have long been recognized as primary birthstones. Turquoise, in particular, has a rich history, revered across cultures for centuries. Lapis Lazuli, also a traditional December stone, was associated with wisdom and royalty in ancient civilizations.
The inclusion of Tanzanite as a modern birthstone is a more recent development, reflecting its discovery in the 20th century. Its addition broadened the options available to December-born individuals, offering a unique and vibrant alternative. The variety of December birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offers a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. This diverse selection caters to different tastes and histories, ensuring that every December baby can find a gemstone that resonates with them.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of December’s birthstones are as varied as the stones themselves. Turquoise, a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, forms in arid regions through a process of weathering of copper-rich rocks. Significant sources include the southwestern United States, Iran, and China. Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, forms in igneous rocks and alluvial deposits. It is found in Sri Lanka, Cambodia, and Australia, among other locations.
Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, is found exclusively in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, making it a uniquely localized gemstone. Lapis Lazuli, prized for its deep blue color, is formed in metamorphic rocks and is primarily sourced from Afghanistan, though it is also found in Russia and Chile. The geological conditions required for the formation of each stone contribute to its rarity and value.
Gemological Properties
Each December birthstone possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal.
Turquoise: This opaque gemstone ranges in color from sky blue to greenish-blue, often with matrix (veins of other minerals) present. Its hardness on the Mohs scale is relatively low, ranging from 5 to 6, requiring careful handling.
Zircon: Zircon exhibits a high refractive index, contributing to its brilliance and fire. It comes in a variety of colors, including blue, brown, and colorless. Its hardness is between 6.5 and 7.5 on the Mohs scale.
Tanzanite: This gemstone is known for its trichroism, displaying different colors (blue, violet, and burgundy) depending on the viewing angle. Its hardness is between 6 and 7 on the Mohs scale.
Lapis Lazuli: This opaque stone is characterized by its intense blue color, often flecked with pyrite. Its hardness is 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale.
Here's a table summarizing the key properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Hydrated phosphate of copper & aluminum | Sky blue to greenish-blue | 5-6 |
| Zircon | Zirconium silicate (ZrSiO₄) | Blue, brown, colorless | 6.5-7.5 |
| Tanzanite | Calcium aluminum silicate | Blue, violet, burgundy | 6-7 |
| Lapis Lazuli | Lazurite (NaCaAlSi₆O₁₂) | Deep blue | 5-6 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Turquoise has long been considered a protective stone, symbolizing good fortune and warding off negative energy. It is believed to instill inner calm and foster creativity. Lapis Lazuli, with its association with wisdom and royalty, was thought to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge.
Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors, and is one of the oldest minerals on earth, giving significant historical and geological value. Tanzanite, with its unique blue to violet color, is believed to promote communication and intuition. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of December birthstones. Turquoise, due to its relative softness, is susceptible to scratching and should be protected from harsh impacts. It is best cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Zircon and Tanzanite, while harder, can still be damaged by ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is recommended. Lapis Lazuli should also be cleaned gently, avoiding abrasive materials. By following these simple care instructions, you can ensure that your December birthstones remain beautiful and vibrant for years to come.
Zodiac Connections
The month of December falls under two zodiac signs: Sagittarius (November 22 – December 21) and Capricorn (December 22 – January 19). Tanzanite is specifically identified as the Sagittarius birthstone, resonating with their charismatic energy. While not explicitly stated for Capricorn in the provided sources, Ruby is noted as a primary birthstone for this sign. Topaz is also associated with Sagittarius, offering another blue-toned option.
Choosing a December Birthstone
With five traditional birthstones to choose from, December-born individuals have a wide range of options. The choice often comes down to personal preference, considering color, price, and personal meaning. Blue Topaz is well-known for its calm, serene colors, whilst zircon is valued for its wonderful clarity and color range. The variety ensures that each individual can find a gemstone that truly reflects their personality and style.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December's stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time.