The tradition of associating specific gemstones with particular months, days of the week, or even zodiac signs is a practice steeped in history and lore. While modern interpretations often focus on aesthetic preference, the origins of this tradition lie in astrological beliefs and the perceived energetic properties of gemstones. This article will explore the established birthstone chart, delving into the traditional and modern associations, as well as the fascinating connection between gemstones and the days of the week, all based on available records.
History and Lore
The practice of linking gemstones to birth months gained prominence in the United States with the standardization efforts of the American National Retail Jewelers Association in 1912. However, the roots of this practice extend far back into ancient civilizations. Ancient Egyptians, Persians, and Native Americans all valued gemstones for their beauty and believed in their protective and healing powers. Turquoise, for example, held significant cultural importance for these groups, being used in jewelry, weaponry, and ceremonial objects. Lapis Lazuli, named from the Latin word for stone and the Persian word for blue, was also highly prized in ancient Egypt.
The association of gemstones with specific days of the week is also an ancient tradition, stemming from the belief that calendar days were named after the sun, moon, and planets, and that corresponding stones could absorb and transmit their energies to the wearer. This practice offers an alternative method for selecting a gemstone, moving beyond the constraints of birth months. The standardization of birthstones in the 20th century provided a more widely accepted framework, though individuals are encouraged to choose stones based on personal preference, color, meaning, or even zodiac sign.
The Modern and Traditional Birthstone Chart
The birthstone chart has evolved over time, resulting in both traditional and modern lists. While some months have a single, universally accepted birthstone, others offer a choice between two or even three options. The modern list often incorporates more recently discovered or popularized gemstones, while the traditional list reflects older, historically significant associations.
Here's a breakdown of the birthstones by month, as outlined in available sources:
| Birthstone Month | Traditional Birthstone | Modern Birthstone | Birthstone Colors |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | Garnet | Garnet | Dark red |
| February | Amethyst | Amethyst | Violet |
| March | Bloodstone | Aquamarine | Dark green or pale blue |
| April | Diamond | Diamond | Clear |
| May | Emerald | Emerald | Bright green |
| June | Pearl | Pearl or Moonstone or Alexandrite | Iridescent or White |
| July | Ruby | Ruby | Bold red |
| August | Sardonyx | Peridot or Spinel | Light green |
| September | Sapphire | Sapphire | Dark blue |
| October | Opal | Tourmaline | Pink or play of color |
| November | Topaz | Citrine or Topaz | Orange or golden-brown |
| December | Turquoise | Blue Zircon or Blue Topaz or Tanzanite | Bright blue |
This chart demonstrates the flexibility in choosing a birthstone. For example, those born in June have the option of Pearl, Moonstone, or Alexandrite, while December births can select from Turquoise, Blue Zircon, Blue Topaz, or Tanzanite. The availability and cost of gemstones also play a role in popularity, with some traditional stones like turquoise being more accessible than their modern counterparts.
Gemstones and the Days of the Week
Beyond monthly associations, gemstones were also traditionally linked to the days of the week, each stone believed to harness the energy of the corresponding planetary deity. This offers a unique and personalized approach to gemstone selection.
| Day of the Week | Stone | Color |
|---|---|---|
| Sunday | Gold Topaz | Yellow-orange |
| Monday | Moonstone or Pearl | White |
| Tuesday | Ruby or Garnet | Red |
| Wednesday | Turquoise, Sapphire, or Lapis Lazuli | Blue |
| Thursday | Amethyst | Purple |
| Friday | Emerald | Green |
| Saturday | Diamond | Clear |
This system allows for daily variation in gemstone adornment, aligning with the perceived energies of each day. For instance, wearing an amethyst on Thursday is believed to promote mental clarity, attributed to the influence of Jupiter.
Individual Gemstone Highlights
Garnet: Traditionally associated with January, Garnet is known for its deep red hue and symbolism of faith and fidelity.
Amethyst: The birthstone for February, Amethyst is a violet gemstone representing temperance and deep love. It is also associated with Thursday, promoting mental clarity.
Aquamarine: March’s modern birthstone, Aquamarine, offers a pale blue or dark green color and is believed to bring happiness and tranquility.
Diamond: April’s birthstone, the Diamond, is renowned for its clarity and enduring symbolism of love.
Emerald: May’s vibrant green Emerald represents joy and vitality. It is also linked to Friday, symbolizing love and excitement.
Pearl: A traditional June birthstone, Pearls are iridescent and symbolize purity and sincerity.
Ruby: July’s bold red Ruby embodies passionate love. It is also associated with Tuesday, representing creativity and passion.
Peridot: August’s light green Peridot is linked to creative expression.
Sapphire: September’s dark blue Sapphire symbolizes wisdom and loyalty. It is also associated with Wednesday, offering protection from negativity.
Tourmaline: October’s birthstone, Tourmaline, comes in a variety of colors, including pink, and represents gentleness and compassion.
Citrine: A November birthstone, Citrine is known for its vibrant yellow colors and ability to inspire self-esteem, creativity, and positivity.
Turquoise: A December birthstone, Turquoise is famous for its striking colors and cultural importance. However, it is a relatively soft stone, rated only six on Mohs scale, requiring gentle care.
Care and Cleaning
The durability of a birthstone varies significantly. Diamonds, with a Mohs hardness of 10, are exceptionally durable and resistant to scratching. However, softer stones like Turquoise (Mohs hardness of 6) require more careful handling and should be protected from direct sunlight and harsh chemicals. Generally, most gemstones can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners for delicate stones like pearls or turquoise.
Conclusion
The world of birthstones is a rich tapestry of history, lore, and geological beauty. Whether one adheres to the traditional or modern lists, or chooses a gemstone based on the day of the week, the practice offers a personal connection to the natural world and a symbolic representation of individual identity. The enduring appeal of birthstones lies in their ability to combine aesthetic pleasure with meaningful symbolism, making them cherished heirlooms and thoughtful gifts for generations to come.