For centuries, spinel has been a gemstone of subtle renown, often mistaken for its more famous counterparts, ruby and sapphire. Only relatively recently has this August birthstone emerged from the shadows, gaining recognition for its own unique beauty, durability, and rich history. The name “spinel” originates from the Latin word spina, meaning thorn, a reference to the characteristic shape of its crystals. This gem presents a wealth of color options, including intense red, vibrant pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish-green, making it a versatile and increasingly sought-after gemstone.
A History Shrouded in Misidentification
Spinel’s story is inextricably linked to cases of mistaken identity. For a considerable period, it was mislabeled as ruby, particularly the red varieties. This misidentification extended to some of history’s most celebrated “rubies” adorning royal collections. A prime example is the approximately 170-carat Black Prince’s “ruby,” a spinel that has been a part of the British Imperial State Crown since 1367, having passed through the hands of Moorish and Spanish kings before being gifted to Edward, Prince of Wales. It wasn’t until the 18th century that gemologists were able to definitively distinguish spinel from ruby based on their differing chemical compositions.
Another notable example is the 352-carat Timur Ruby, historically believed to be a ruby but later identified as a spinel, and linked to the 14th-century conqueror Tamerlane. The 398-carat Catherine the Great’s Ruby, also a spinel, further illustrates this historical pattern of misidentification. Unlike diamonds and rubies, which were primarily valued for their hardness and rarity, spinel was appreciated for its deep, radiant colors and clarity. These historical cases of mistaken identity contribute to the gem’s intriguing story and highlight how closely its beauty can rival that of more well-known gemstones.
Geological Origins and Global Sources
Today, spinel is sourced from several locations around the world. Major sources include Tajikistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania, and Pakistan. Specific locales are known for producing spinel with particularly arresting colors. For instance, Myanmar is renowned for its hot pink and red spinel, while a 2007 discovery in Tanzania yielded spinel in pinkish and orangy-red hues, as well as purple and blue varieties. The gem’s formation occurs in metamorphic rocks, often associated with marble deposits.
Gemological Properties and Characteristics
Spinel boasts a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone suitable for a wide range of jewelry applications, including rings. This durability allows for the use of ultrasonic and steam cleaners for maintenance, although caution is advised if the stone contains fractures. Warm soapy water remains a safe and effective cleaning method. The gem is stable when exposed to light and chemicals, though prolonged exposure to high heat can cause some colors to fade.
Spinel’s color is determined by trace elements within its crystal structure. Cobalt is responsible for the rare and vivid blue hues, while other elements contribute to the range of reds, pinks, purples, and grays. Gray spinel, ranging from silvery gray to dark charcoal, offers a subtle elegance suited to modern, minimalist jewelry designs.
Symbolism, Lore, and Modern Associations
Throughout history, spinel has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and protective qualities. Ancient warriors and kings wore spinel believing it would protect them in battle and provide the courage to persevere. In both medieval Europe and Asia, the gem was thought to shield the wearer from evil deeds. Chinese tradition associates spinel with mental clarity and emotional stability, aiding in stress management.
In more recent times, spinel has been linked to astrological signs. It is considered a beneficial stone for both Leo and Scorpio. For Leos, spinel is believed to enhance strength and vitality, complementing their natural leadership qualities. For Scorpios, it is seen as a stone of renewal, assisting in recovery from emotional or physical challenges. The gem’s connection to the planet Mars further reinforces its association with energy, passion, and endurance, making it a recommended stone for individuals navigating life transitions or seeking protection from emotional fatigue.
A Modern Revival and Growing Appreciation
While recognized as a distinct gemstone in the 18th century, spinel experienced a resurgence in popularity in 2016 when the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America officially added it as an August birthstone, alongside peridot and sardonyx. This recognition has contributed to increased demand and appreciation for spinel in the fine jewelry market, attracting both collectors and enthusiasts. The gem’s versatility, durability, and captivating colors have solidified its position as a significant and desirable gemstone.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of spinel is relatively straightforward due to its hardness. As mentioned previously, ultrasonic and steam cleaners can be used, but caution should be exercised if the stone exhibits fractures. Warm soapy water is always a safe and effective cleaning alternative. Regular cleaning will help preserve the gem’s brilliance and luster.
Conclusion
Spinel, once overshadowed by its more famous look-alikes, has rightfully earned its place as a celebrated gemstone. Its captivating colors, durability, and fascinating history, marked by centuries of misidentification and eventual recognition, make it a truly unique and desirable gem. From adorning royal crowns to offering symbolic protection and modern metaphysical benefits, spinel continues to captivate and inspire. As an August birthstone and a gem increasingly appreciated by collectors and jewelry lovers alike, spinel’s future appears bright, promising continued discovery and admiration for generations to come.