December boasts a unique birthstone palette, offering a choice between the vibrant blues of Tanzanite and Turquoise, and the fiery hues of Zircon. These gemstones, each with a distinct history, geological origin, and symbolic meaning, provide a diverse range of options for those born in the final month of the year. This article will explore the characteristics, lore, and significance of these three December birthstones, drawing upon available knowledge of their properties and cultural relevance.
A Historical Overview
The concept of birthstones has evolved over time. While modern lists are standardized, historical traditions varied considerably. Early associations were often linked to the twelve tribes of Israel or the apostles, with specific gems assigned to each. The modern birthstone chart, as it exists today, is a relatively recent development, influenced by jeweler associations and consumer preferences. Sources indicate that both traditional and modern lists exist, allowing for flexibility in choosing a stone that resonates with the individual. For December, traditional stones included Turquoise and Lapis Lazuli, while modern additions encompass Blue Zircon and Tanzanite.
Zircon: A Gem of Fire and Confusion
The name “zircon” itself has a debated origin, with some scholars tracing it to the Arabic word zarkun, meaning “cinnabar” or “vermilion,” while others suggest a Persian root, zargun, translating to “gold colored.” This etymological ambiguity reflects the wide spectrum of colors found in zircon – red, orange, yellow, brown, green, and blue. Notably, colorless zircon is prized for its brilliance and “fire,” a characteristic that has historically led to confusion with diamond.
During the Middle Ages, zircon was believed to possess the power to induce sleep and ward off evil spirits. In Hindu tradition, zircon alternates with hessonite garnet as one of the nine gems of the navaratna, a combination believed to bestow wealth, wisdom, and good health upon the wearer. Victorian-era jewelers favored blue zircon, with fine specimens appearing in English estate jewelry from the 1880s.
Turquoise: A Stone of Tranquility and Earthly Connection
Turquoise, a traditional December birthstone, holds a significant place in the history of jewelry and adornment. Its name is derived from the French phrase pierre turquoise, meaning “Turkish stone,” reflecting the historical trade routes through which it entered Europe. The stone is revered for its earthy hues and timeless beauty, particularly within Southwestern jewelry traditions.
The significance of Turquoise extends beyond aesthetics. It is believed to represent the lifeblood of Mother Earth, offering tranquility and clarity to those who wear it. This connection to the natural world underscores its enduring appeal.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Its captivating deep blue hues quickly established it as a sought-after gemstone. The stone is known for its trichroism, displaying different colors depending on the viewing angle – blue, violet, and burgundy. This unique optical property adds to its allure. Tanzanite is best cleaned with warm, soapy water, as ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended.
Geological Formation and Sources
Zircon is found in a variety of geological settings, with sources spanning the globe. The origins of Tanzanite are geographically concentrated, found only in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. Turquoise, similarly, is mined in various locations, including the United States, Iran, and Egypt. Garnet, while not specifically a December birthstone in the modern list, is found in countries like India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Brazil, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
Gemological Properties
While a comprehensive comparison requires data not provided in the sources, some key properties can be outlined:
| Gemstone | Color | Hardness (Mohs Scale) | Notable Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zircon | Red, Orange, Yellow, Brown, Green, Blue, Colorless | 6.5 - 7.5 | High brilliance, fire, can be confused with diamond |
| Turquoise | Blue, Blue-Green | 5 - 6 | Opaque, often contains matrix (veins of other minerals) |
| Tanzanite | Blue, Violet, Burgundy | 6 - 7 | Trichroism (displays different colors from different angles) |
The hardness of a gemstone, measured on the Mohs scale, indicates its resistance to scratching. Zircon, Turquoise, and Tanzanite all fall within a similar range, requiring careful handling to avoid damage.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these December birthstones carries its own set of symbolic associations. Garnet, representing January, symbolizes trust and friendship. Amethyst, the February birthstone, is associated with wisdom. Turquoise is linked to tranquility and connection to the earth. Zircon, in Hindu tradition, is part of a set of nine gems believed to bring wealth, wisdom, and good health. Tanzanite, as a relatively recent discovery, is still developing its full range of metaphysical associations, but its vibrant color is often linked to intuition and spiritual awareness.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of these gemstones. Zircon, Turquoise, and Tanzanite are all relatively delicate and require gentle handling. As noted, Tanzanite should not be cleaned with ultrasonic or steam cleaners. Turquoise, due to its porous nature, can be affected by oils and chemicals, requiring careful cleaning with mild soap and water. Zircon should also be cleaned with mild soap and water, avoiding harsh chemicals.
The Allure of Birthstone Jewelry
Birthstones are more than just gemstones; they are cherished tokens of personal identity and connection. Incorporating these stones into jewelry designs – rings, necklaces, earrings, and bracelets – creates meaningful and sentimental gifts for loved ones. The tradition of gifting birthstone jewelry extends to wedding anniversaries, adding another layer of significance to these precious stones.
Conclusion
December’s birthstone palette – Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon – offers a captivating range of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings. From the fiery brilliance of Zircon to the tranquil blues of Turquoise and the modern allure of Tanzanite, these gemstones provide a unique and personal connection to the month of December. Their enduring appeal lies not only in their aesthetic beauty but also in the rich cultural lore and metaphysical beliefs that surround them.