December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but five recognized birthstones: zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise. These gemstones, primarily shades of blue, reflect the cool tones of the winter season and offer a diverse range of choices for those born in December, each with its own distinct history, symbolism, and aesthetic appeal. This article will explore the origins, properties, and significance of these captivating gems.
A History of December’s Gems
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices. These colored gems were believed to be blessed and imbued with unique powers, offering benefits to those who wore them in rings, pendants, and other jewelry. While zircon and turquoise have long been considered the primary birthstones for December, representing the chill of winter with their blue hues, the list has expanded to include topaz, tanzanite, and lapis lazuli, offering a wider spectrum of color, price, and personal meaning.
The use of these stones extends far back in history. Turquoise, for example, originated in the 13th century, gaining its name from the French expression “Turkish stone” as it often entered Europe through Turkish trade routes. Lapis lazuli was similarly valued in ancient civilizations, associated with wisdom and royalty. The inclusion of more recently discovered gems like tanzanite, unearthed in Tanzania in 1967, demonstrates the evolving nature of birthstone traditions.
The Diverse Gems of December
Each of the five December birthstones possesses unique characteristics that contribute to its appeal.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Good Fortune
Turquoise, one of the oldest known gemstones, is particularly popular in the southwestern regions of the United States and is frequently incorporated into Native American traditional attire. Its color ranges from translucent to opaque shades of blue, sometimes with green undertones. It is believed to contain special healing powers, promoting wealth and good fortune to the wearer.
Zircon: Brilliance and a Rainbow of Colors
Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and the wide range of colors it exhibits, including golden, red, and clear varieties that can resemble diamonds. As one of the oldest minerals on Earth, zircon holds significant historical and geological value. The blue variety is particularly favored as a December birthstone.
Tanzanite: A Unique Violet-Blue Hue
Tanzanite is a relatively recent discovery, found only in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. It is highly prized for its unique blue to violet color, often compared to sapphire, and its rarity.
Topaz: Calm and Serene Colors
Blue topaz is well-known for its calm, serene colors, though topaz also occurs in a variety of other hues. It is a beloved choice for its icy blue clarity and calming energy.
Lapis Lazuli: Wisdom and Enlightenment
Lapis lazuli, with its deep azure tones, has long been associated with wisdom and royalty. In ancient civilizations, it was considered a stone of truth and enlightenment, believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge. Its rich blue color evokes the vastness of the night sky, offering a sense of serenity and expansiveness.
Geological Origins and Sources
The sources of these gemstones are as diverse as the stones themselves. Turquoise is commonly found in the southwestern United States, while tanzanite is exclusively sourced from the Merelani Hills in Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. Zircon is found in various locations worldwide, reflecting its ancient geological origins. Topaz is also found globally, with significant deposits in Brazil, Russia, and Nigeria. Lapis lazuli has been mined for millennia in Afghanistan, and continues to be sourced from there, as well as from Russia and Chile.
Gemological Properties
While a comprehensive gemological analysis requires data beyond the provided sources, some general characteristics can be noted. All five December birthstones exhibit varying degrees of hardness, influencing their durability and suitability for different types of jewelry. The sources do not provide specific details on refractive index, specific gravity, or chemical composition for each stone.
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Transparency | Notable Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue, Blue-Green | Translucent to Opaque | Healing powers, good fortune |
| Zircon | Blue, Golden, Red, Clear | Transparent | Brilliant fire, rainbow of colors |
| Tanzanite | Blue-Violet | Transparent | Rarity, unique color |
| Topaz | Blue | Transparent | Calming energy, clarity |
| Lapis Lazuli | Deep Azure Blue | Opaque | Wisdom, enlightenment |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each December birthstone carries its own set of symbolic meanings and metaphysical beliefs. Turquoise is often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune. Zircon is associated with prosperity and wisdom. Tanzanite is believed to promote transformation and spiritual growth. Topaz is thought to bring joy, generosity, and good health. Lapis lazuli is linked to wisdom, truth, and enlightenment.
These beliefs, rooted in ancient traditions and cultural practices, continue to resonate with those who choose to wear these gemstones. They are more than just beautiful adornments; they are believed to connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and vibrancy of December birthstones. While specific cleaning recommendations vary depending on the stone, general guidelines include avoiding harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and extreme temperatures. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is typically recommended. The sources do not provide specific details on the best cleaning methods for each stone, but emphasize the importance of thoughtful handling to preserve their beauty over time.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time.