December is unique among months in possessing not one, but four recognized birthstones: blue zircon, Tanzanite, turquoise, and blue topaz. These gemstones, each displaying a distinct shade of blue, reflect the cool, crisp tones of the winter season and offer December-born individuals a diverse range of options to express their individuality. While turquoise holds the longest tradition as a December birthstone, Tanzanite represents the most recent addition, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Each stone carries powerful meanings, including wisdom, protection, and the promise of new beginnings.
A History of Shifting Associations
The designation of birthstones has evolved over time, and December’s selection is a prime example of this evolution. Historically, ruby was associated with December, believed to sharpen the mind, improve concentration, and encourage courtly love. Chrysoprase, the old Russian birthstone for the month, was thought to bring good fortune and mend broken hearts. Similarly, onyx held significance as the Tibetan birthstone, offering self-mastery and protective energy. Bloodstone was also considered a traditional December birthstone, embodying courage and renewing vigor.
However, by the mid-20th century, changes began to occur. Zircon replaced lapis lazuli as a recognized December birthstone after 1952. More recently, in 2002, Tanzanite was officially added to the list in the United States. This expansion reflects both evolving trends in the gemstone market and a desire to provide a wider selection of options for those born in December. The enduring popularity of turquoise, however, demonstrates the lasting appeal of ancient traditions.
The Geological Origins and Sources
The sources for these December birthstones are geographically diverse, reflecting their unique geological formations. Turquoise, a longstanding favorite, has been cherished by ancient cultures for millennia. Blue topaz, while found in various locations, is a popular and readily available gem. Zircon occurs in a variety of colors and locations, with the blue variety being particularly sought after. Tanzanite, however, is remarkably unique, found in only one location: the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania. Its discovery in 1967 was relatively recent, adding to its allure and exclusivity.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
Each of December’s birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal.
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Al₂SiO₄(OH,F)₂ | Blue | 8 |
| Turquoise | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | Blue-Green | 5-6 |
| Blue Zircon | ZrSiO₄ | Blue | 6.5-7.5 |
| Tanzanite | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | Violet-Blue | 6-7 |
Blue topaz, with a Mohs hardness of 8, is a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. Turquoise, ranging from 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale, is softer and requires more careful handling. Blue zircon, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7.5, offers good durability, while Tanzanite, at 6-7, is relatively soft and susceptible to scratching.
The color variations within each gemstone also contribute to their individual character. Blue topaz exhibits a range of blue shades, from pale sky blue to deep London blue. Turquoise displays a captivating blue-green hue, often with matrix patterns that add to its unique charm. Blue zircon can range in color intensity, and Tanzanite is known for its trichroism, displaying violet, blue, and burgundy hues depending on the viewing angle.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Turquoise, revered by ancient shamans, was considered a talisman of protection, prosperity, and luck. It was also believed to be beneficial for those born under the Sagittarius zodiac sign.
Blue topaz is associated with calmness, communication, and emotional balance. It is believed to stimulate self-esteem and the ability to learn, aligning meridians and connecting individuals to spiritual sources, making it excellent for meditation.
Zircon is thought to enhance mental clarity, intuition, and grounding. It encourages joy and emotional balance, offering a quiet vibration that promotes inner peace.
Tanzanite, a relatively new addition to the birthstone family, is considered a protective and soothing stone. It is believed to help individuals share spiritual information from their hearts in a calm and articulate manner.
Ancient beliefs also attributed specific properties to other stones once associated with December. Ruby was thought to sharpen the mind and encourage courtly love, while chrysoprase was believed to bring good fortune and heal broken hearts. Onyx offered self-mastery and protective energy, and bloodstone embodied courage and renewed vigor.
Care and Maintenance
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of December’s birthstones. Due to its relative softness, turquoise requires gentle handling and should be protected from harsh chemicals and impacts. Blue topaz, being more durable, can withstand more wear, but should still be cleaned with mild soap and warm water. Blue zircon and Tanzanite, while possessing good hardness, are susceptible to scratching and should be stored carefully to avoid abrasion.
Regular cleansing is also recommended to maintain the energy and vibrancy of these gemstones. Bathing them in full moonlight or placing them on a piece of selenite can help energize them, while smudging them with sage can cleanse them of negative energies. It is advisable to remove jewelry daily, allowing the gemstones to rest and avoid potential damage.
The Enduring Appeal of December’s Gems
December’s birthstones—blue topaz, turquoise, zircon, and Tanzanite—offer a breathtaking array of colors, histories, and meanings. From the tranquil blues of topaz and zircon to the earthy elegance of turquoise and the velvety allure of Tanzanite, these gemstones embody the beauty and spirit of December. Each stone has its unique charm, whether it’s the calming energy of blue topaz, the ancient protective powers of turquoise, the fiery brilliance of zircon, or the transformative symbolism of Tanzanite.
These birthstones are more than just beautiful—they are steeped in rich traditions and cultural significance, making them meaningful gifts for loved ones or personal treasures for those born in December. Their versatility allows them to shine in a variety of styles, from bold statement pieces to delicate everyday jewelry. Whether you’re drawn to the symbolism of new beginnings, emotional balance, or wisdom, December’s gemstones provide a perfect way to reflect personal values and celebrate life’s special moments.
Conclusion
The diverse selection of birthstones for December reflects the richness and complexity of the month itself. From ancient traditions to modern discoveries, each gemstone carries a unique story and symbolism. Whether one chooses the enduring charm of turquoise, the vibrant hues of blue topaz, the brilliance of zircon, or the captivating allure of Tanzanite, December’s birthstones offer a timeless connection to beauty, history, and personal meaning. With thoughtful care and appreciation for their origins, these gemstones will remain cherished symbols of elegance and individuality for generations to come.