December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – blue topaz, blue zircon, tanzanite, and turquoise – offering a spectrum of color and meaning for those born in the final month of the year. While historical traditions favored turquoise, modern lists have expanded to include these captivating blue gemstones, each with its own unique origin story and gemological properties. This article will delve into the history, geological sources, characteristics, and symbolism of these December birthstones, providing a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and those seeking to understand the significance of these beautiful gems.
A History of December’s Gems
The concept of birthstones dates back centuries, with ancient civilizations believing that gemstones held specific powers and corresponded to astrological signs. Early traditions often linked specific stones to each month, though these associations varied across cultures. The idea of wearing a gemstone corresponding to one’s birth month evolved into a way to honor the month of birth and potentially harness the stone’s perceived powers. While some civilizations believed in the awesome powers received from wearing the correct stone at the right time, today, wearing a birthstone is often a matter of personal preference and style.
The traditional birthstone for December was turquoise, but over time, other gemstones have been added to the modern list, reflecting discoveries and evolving preferences. The inclusion of blue topaz, blue zircon, and tanzanite provides a wider range of options for those seeking a December birthstone.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise, as its name suggests, is formed in areas where acidic groundwater interacts with minerals containing aluminum and phosphorus, resulting in a semi-translucent combination of copper and aluminum phosphate.
Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, is found exclusively in Tanzania, hence its name. It was initially called ‘Blue Zoisite’ before being renamed in honor of its country of origin.
Blue topaz is a silicate mineral composed of aluminum and fluorine. While naturally occurring blue topaz exists, much of the commercially available blue topaz is created by irradiating naturally colorless topaz.
Blue zircon’s geological origins are not detailed in the provided sources.
Gemological Properties
Each of the December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal.
Blue Topaz: This gem exhibits a glass-like luster and deep cleavage, making it somewhat delicate despite its hardness. It displays a range of blue shades, including deep inky blues (London Blue), vibrant medium light blues (Swiss Blue), and light aqua colors (Sky Blue). Its chemical formula is Al2SiO4(F,OH)4, and it features strong chemical bonding.
Tanzanite: Characterized by its deep blue-violet color, tanzanite is known for its pleochroism – the ability to display different colors when viewed from different angles, reflecting shades of blue, violet, and red.
Turquoise: This gem is a semi-translucent combination of copper and aluminum phosphate.
Blue Zircon: The sources do not provide specific gemological properties for blue zircon.
The following table summarizes the available information:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Color Range | Notable Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Al2SiO4(F,OH)4 | Various shades of blue | Irradiated, Cleavage |
| Tanzanite | Not specified | Blue-violet | Pleochroism |
| Turquoise | Copper & Aluminum Phosphate | Blue-green | Semi-translucent |
| Blue Zircon | Not specified | Not specified | Not specified |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Tanzanite, with its captivating blue-violet hue, is associated with wisdom, peace, and inner strength. Some believe it can activate the throat, third-eye, and crown chakras, facilitating psychic abilities and communication with higher dimensions. It is also linked to healing, protection, and self-transformation.
The sources suggest that turquoise has a long history of symbolic meaning, though specific beliefs are not detailed.
The sources do not provide information on the symbolism associated with blue topaz or blue zircon.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources offer limited information regarding the care and cleaning of these gemstones. However, given blue topaz’s cleavage, it should be handled with care. General gemstone care principles apply: avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and extreme temperature changes. Cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is generally safe for most gemstones.
Zodiac Associations
The December birthstones are associated with the zodiac signs of Sagittarius (November 22–December 21) and Capricorn (December 22–January 19). Tanzanite is specifically linked to Sagittarius, resonating with their charismatic energy. The garnet birthstone is associated with Capricorn, symbolizing passion, strength, and resilience.
Modern and Traditional Choices
The birthstone chart has evolved over time, with both modern and traditional lists available. While turquoise remains a traditional December birthstone, blue topaz, blue zircon, and tanzanite are popular modern choices. The availability and affordability of some traditional stones, like turquoise, contribute to their continued popularity.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – blue topaz, blue zircon, tanzanite, and turquoise – represent a beautiful and diverse selection of gemstones. From the exclusive Tanzanian origins of tanzanite to the irradiated brilliance of blue topaz and the ancient allure of turquoise, each stone offers a unique story and symbolism. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, perceived metaphysical properties, or connection to one’s zodiac sign, these December birthstones continue to captivate and inspire.