March, the bridge between winter and spring, is associated with two official birthstones: aquamarine and bloodstone. These gemstones, though vastly different in appearance and properties, share a common thread of symbolism, spiritual significance, and historical resonance. For those born on or around March 20th, these birthstones offer both aesthetic and emotional value, embodying themes of serenity, protection, and vitality.
This article delves into the history, gemological properties, cultural symbolism, and practical care of the two March birthstones. Drawing from authoritative and historical sources, it explores how these stones have been cherished for centuries, and how they continue to play a meaningful role in both personal and cultural contexts today.
History and Lore of the March Birthstones
Origins of the Birthstone Tradition
The tradition of assigning gemstones to specific months and zodiac signs has ancient roots, tracing back to the 1st century AD. Early historians associated the 12 stones of the High Priest's breastplate from the biblical Book of Exodus with the 12 months of the year and the 12 zodiac signs. However, due to the imprecise identification of these ancient stones and the lack of widespread personal adornment with birthstones until the 16th century, the modern lists of birthstones evolved over time.
In the case of March, bloodstone was originally the sole representative on early birthstone charts. It wasn't until the 19th century that aquamarine was officially recognized as a second birthstone for the month. The standardization of modern birthstone lists is often attributed to the work of jewelers in Germany and Poland and was later popularized by the 1870 publication of birthstone poems by an anonymous author, as cited in the historical record.
Cultural and Religious Symbolism
Aquamarine has long been associated with the sea. Its name, derived from the Latin aqua marina (meaning "water of the sea"), reflects its connection to the ocean. Ancient mariners believed that aquamarine protected them during voyages and calmed turbulent waters. In medieval times, it was also thought to bring happiness in marriage and was used in protective amulets for battles.
Bloodstone, on the other hand, carries a more dramatic legend. According to a popular belief, it formed during the crucifixion of Christ when drops of His blood fell upon green jasper at the foot of the cross. This story, while not found in the Bible, has been adopted in various religious and cultural traditions. Bloodstone was historically used to carve religious icons and symbols, with the red spots representing wounds or blood. It was also believed to enhance physical strength and vitality.
Both stones have been used in jewelry and amulets across cultures. The Roman calendar, from which the month of March is derived (named after Mars, the god of war), further links the stones to themes of courage and new beginnings. As March marks the spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere, it symbolizes renewal, and the gemstones reflect these themes through their colors and properties.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, which also includes emerald. It is composed of beryllium aluminum silicate with traces of iron that give it its blue color. The gemstone typically forms in pegmatite rocks, which are coarse-grained igneous rocks rich in rare elements.
Aquamarine is found in several parts of the world, including:
- Brazil, the most important source of aquamarine today
- Nigeria
- Madagascar
- Zambia
- India
- Russia
Brazil, in particular, is known for producing large, high-quality aquamarine crystals. The gem is often faceted to highlight its clarity and color, and it is prized for its transparency and lack of inclusions.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone, also known as heliotrope, is a cryptocrystalline form of quartz, belonging to the chalcedony family. It is composed of green chalcedony with inclusions of red iron oxide, which create the characteristic "blood" spots.
Key sources of bloodstone include:
- India, where it is mined in the state of Rajasthan
- Brazil
- Australia
- United States (particularly in Massachusetts)
Bloodstone is often cut into cabochons to showcase the contrast between the green base and the red flecks. It is opaque and typically used in carvings, seals, and pendants.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a relatively durable gemstone, with a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale, making it suitable for use in jewelry, although it should be protected from hard knocks. Its refractive index ranges between 1.56 and 1.60, and it is singly refractive (isotropic), meaning it does not exhibit double refraction.
- Color: Light blue to sea-green, due to iron impurities
- Clarity: Often eye-clean, with few inclusions
- Luster: Vitreous (glassy)
- Cut: Typically faceted to enhance brilliance
- Carat Weight: Available in large sizes; common in jewelry up to 10 carats
- Chemical Formula: Be₃Al₂(SiO₃)₆
- Crystal System: Hexagonal
Aquamarine is also known for its chatoyancy (cat’s-eye effect) in some specimens, though this is rare and not commonly seen in the faceted gems used for birthstone jewelry.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone, being a form of chalcedony, is quite durable, with a hardness of 6.5–7 on the Mohs scale. It is opaque and usually cut into cabochons or used for carvings.
- Color: Deep green base with red iron oxide flecks
- Clarity: Opaque
- Luster: Waxy to dull
- Cut: Typically cabochon or carved
- Carat Weight: Available in a wide range, but often used in smaller pieces due to its density
- Chemical Formula: SiO₂ (silicon dioxide) with iron oxide inclusions
- Crystal System: Trigonal (as chalcedony)
Bloodstone is often used in religious carvings and inlay work due to its durability and the symbolic meaning of its red and green colors.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Aquamarine
Aquamarine has long been associated with calmness, serenity, and emotional balance. In ancient times, it was believed to protect sailors and promote safe travel. Some cultures believed it could help in speaking clearly and truthfully, especially in legal or political settings.
In the zodiac, aquamarine is linked to Pisces, the water sign, and is believed to enhance intuition and emotional sensitivity. It is also associated with Taurus, according to some alternative systems, due to its grounding green undertones.
Modern metaphysical beliefs suggest that aquamarine can help with:
- Reducing stress and anxiety
- Promoting calm and clarity
- Enhancing communication
- Encouraging courage and truthfulness
It is also thought to be beneficial for throat chakra activation, aiding in self-expression and public speaking.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone, with its vivid red and green combination, is a powerful symbol of strength, vitality, and courage. Historically, it was used in battle amulets and believed to give warriors the strength to endure physical and emotional challenges.
The red spots, representing blood, are thought to carry healing properties. In medieval times, bloodstone was used to treat wounds and was believed to prevent blood loss. Some modern practitioners suggest it can help with:
- Increasing energy and endurance
- Enhancing willpower
- Supporting physical health and vitality
- Balancing emotions during times of stress
It is also associated with the solar plexus chakra, believed to boost confidence and inner strength.
In zodiac terms, bloodstone is connected to Aries, the fire sign, due to its bold red color and energetic properties.
Care and Cleaning
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is relatively durable but should be handled with care due to its susceptibility to fractures. It is not recommended to clean aquamarine with steam, ultrasonic cleaners, or harsh chemicals, as these can cause damage.
Recommended care methods include:
- Warm soapy water and a soft cloth
- Gentle brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush
- Avoiding exposure to extreme temperatures or sudden temperature changes
Aquamarine jewelry should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratches.
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is also fairly durable but is best cleaned using mild soap and warm water. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as they can damage the stone’s surface or cause the red iron oxide inclusions to degrade.
Care tips for bloodstone include:
- Avoid abrasive materials
- Store separately from harder gemstones
- Polish occasionally with a soft cloth to maintain luster
Bloodstone jewelry should be worn with care during physical activities to prevent chips or cracks.
Conclusion
The two March birthstones—aquamarine and bloodstone—offer a fascinating contrast in appearance and properties, yet both are deeply rooted in history, symbolism, and spiritual significance. Aquamarine, with its serene blue tones, is a symbol of calm, clarity, and protection, while bloodstone, with its bold red flecks on a green base, represents strength, vitality, and courage.
For those born on or around March 20th, these gemstones provide not only beautiful adornments but also meaningful connections to the past. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, emotional resonance, or historical legacy, aquamarine and bloodstone continue to captivate and inspire across generations.
Understanding the geological, cultural, and metaphysical aspects of these stones allows for a deeper appreciation of their significance. From the ancient Roman soldiers to modern jewelry enthusiasts, the March birthstones remain a testament to the enduring allure of gemstones in human history.