December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – Blue Topaz, Blue Zircon, Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Lapis Lazuli – offering a diverse selection of color, history, and meaning for those born in the final month of the year. This abundance provides a unique opportunity for individuals to choose a gem that resonates with their personal preferences and beliefs. From ancient associations with royalty and wisdom to modern appreciation for their vibrant hues, these gemstones hold a significant place in both cultural lore and contemporary jewelry.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with birth months dates back to ancient times, though the specific stones assigned to December have evolved. Turquoise and Zircon have long been considered primary birthstones for the month, their blue shades reflecting the chill of winter. These gems were not merely decorative; they were believed to possess protective and metaphysical properties. Lapis Lazuli, with its deep azure tones, was historically associated with wisdom and royalty, considered a stone of truth and enlightenment. Ancient civilizations valued it for enhancing intellectual abilities and stimulating a quest for knowledge. Turquoise, revered for centuries across various cultures, was often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune.
The modern additions of Blue Topaz and Tanzanite reflect a broadening of options and an appreciation for more recently discovered gems. The practice of wearing birthstones isn’t a recent trend, but rather one rooted in medieval times. The selection of multiple birthstones for December allows for a variety of choices in color, price, and personal meaning, catering to different tastes and histories.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are as varied as the stones themselves. Turquoise, a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, forms in relatively dry, arid environments. Its striking blue-green hues are a result of the presence of copper. Historically, turquoise has been mined in Persia (modern-day Iran), Egypt, and by Native American tribes in the southwestern United States.
Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, is found in a rainbow of colors, but the blue variety is particularly prized as a December birthstone. It forms in igneous rocks and alluvial deposits.
Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, is exclusively found in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, making it a uniquely localized gemstone. Its blue to violet color is due to the presence of vanadium.
Blue Topaz is a variety of topaz that has been irradiated to enhance its blue color. Topaz itself forms in igneous and metamorphic rocks, and is found in Brazil, Nigeria, and Russia, among other locations.
Lapis Lazuli is a metamorphic rock composed primarily of lazurite, along with other minerals like calcite and pyrite. Its deep blue color comes from the lazurite. Historically, significant sources of lapis lazuli have been in Afghanistan, and it continues to be mined there today.
Gemological Properties
Each December birthstone possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal.
Blue Topaz: A silicate mineral with a Mohs hardness of 8, making it relatively durable for everyday wear.
Blue Zircon: A zirconium silicate with a Mohs hardness of 6.5-7.5. It is known for its brilliant fire and dispersion, meaning it exhibits a rainbow-like play of color.
Tanzanite: A calcium aluminum silicate with a Mohs hardness of 6-7. Its pleochroism – displaying different colors when viewed from different angles – is a notable characteristic.
Turquoise: A hydrated copper aluminum phosphate with a Mohs hardness of 5-6. Its color can vary from sky blue to greenish-blue, depending on the amount of copper present.
Lapis Lazuli: Not a single mineral, but a rock composed of lazurite, calcite, and pyrite. Its hardness is typically between 5 and 6 on the Mohs scale.
The following table summarizes key properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Mohs Hardness | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Al₂SiO₄(OH,F)₂ | 8 | Durable, brilliant |
| Blue Zircon | ZrSiO₄ | 6.5-7.5 | High fire, dispersion |
| Tanzanite | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | 6-7 | Pleochroism, unique blue-violet color |
| Turquoise | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | 5-6 | Opaque, blue-green color |
| Lapis Lazuli | (Na,Ca)₈-₉Al₆Si₆O₂₄S₄ | 5-6 | Deep blue color with pyrite inclusions |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these December birthstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise is believed to instill a sense of inner calm and foster creativity. Lapis Lazuli has long been associated with wisdom, truth, and royalty, believed to enhance intellectual abilities. Blue Zircon is valued for its clarity and color range, and some believe it promotes prosperity and wisdom. Blue Topaz is often associated with serenity and communication, while Tanzanite is thought to stimulate intuition and spiritual growth. These beliefs, while not scientifically proven, contribute to the enduring appeal of these gemstones.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of December birthstones. Due to its relative softness, Turquoise requires gentle handling and should be protected from harsh chemicals and impacts. Blue Topaz and Blue Zircon are more durable but can still be scratched by harder materials. Tanzanite is sensitive to heat and should not be exposed to sudden temperature changes. Lapis Lazuli, being a composite material, can be porous and should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap.
To ensure longevity, it is recommended to avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh cleaning agents for all December birthstones. Regular cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush will help maintain their brilliance. Following these simple care instructions will help ensure that December birthstone jewelry remains beautiful and vibrant for years to come.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Blue Topaz, Blue Zircon, Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Lapis Lazuli – offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each a unique choice for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and connect them to historical and cultural narratives. When choosing between these gemstones, careful research and consultation with experts are recommended to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time.