August boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. While peridot is often considered the primary August birthstone, the inclusion of spinel, a more recent addition, and the historical significance of sardonyx offer a diverse range of choices for those born in this summer month. Each gem carries its own unique history, geological origins, and symbolic meaning, reflecting a rich tapestry of cultural beliefs and evolving gemological preferences.
History and Lore
The history of August birthstones is layered, beginning with sardonyx, a banded variety of chalcedony, which held prominence for millennia. Its use dates back over 4,000 years, with ancient Greeks and Romans utilizing it for cameos, seals, and amulets, believing it conferred strength, courage, and enhanced communication skills.
Peridot’s story is equally compelling, with a history stretching back to ancient Egypt. The island of Topazios (now Zabargad) in the Red Sea was a significant source, though mining conditions were notoriously harsh, earning it names like “Island of Death.” Peridot was often mistaken for emeralds, adorning priestly jewelry as early as the second century BCE and featuring prominently in medieval European churches. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have included substantial quantities of peridot. The Arabic word “faridat,” meaning gem, is the origin of the name “peridot,” highlighting its long-held value. It was also considered a protective talisman, warding off evil spirits and nightmares.
Spinel, while historically often confused with ruby, has a more recent claim to fame as an August birthstone, officially recognized in 2016 by the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA). Despite being overlooked for centuries, spinel has gained recognition among gem enthusiasts for its brilliance and sparkle.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these three August birthstones are diverse and geographically widespread. Peridot, a gem variety of the mineral olivine, is formed under extreme conditions, often found in hardened lava carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle. Remarkably, it can also be found in meteorites. Today, peridot is sourced from various locations, including China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Tanzania, Vietnam, and the United States. The Hawaiian island of Peridot Beach is also notable, with sands that shimmer a luminous green. The Egyptian island of Zabargad remains a historically significant source, prized for its high-quality specimens.
Sardonyx, a form of onyx, is characterized by its reddish-brown color and white banding. It is found in India, Brazil, Uruguay, the United States, and Germany.
Spinel’s origins are less specifically detailed in the provided sources, but it is noted as a favorite among gem dealers and collectors.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is known for its yellowish-green to greenish-yellow hue, though the most desirable stones exhibit a lime green or olive-green color. Its color is attributed to the presence of iron in its composition, and it maintains a consistent green appearance under various lighting conditions.
Sardonyx, as a variety of chalcedony, presents a reddish-brown color with distinctive white banding, giving it a stone-like appearance, unlike the crystal-like appearance of peridot.
Spinel is noted for its brilliance and sparkle and occurs in a range of colors, including red and blue, sometimes being mistaken for ruby and sapphire due to its similar color range. However, spinel is a distinct mineral species with a different crystal structure. It is generally more affordable than rubies and sapphires.
The following table summarizes key characteristics:
| Gemstone | Color | Composition | Appearance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Yellowish-green to olive-green | Olivine | Crystal-like |
| Sardonyx | Reddish-brown with white banding | Chalcedony | Stone-like |
| Spinel | Various, including red and blue | Magnesium Aluminum Oxide | Brilliant |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these August birthstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Peridot traditionally symbolized strength and was believed to protect against nightmares, evil, and enchantments. Ancient Hawaiians associated peridot with the tears of the goddess Pele, brought to the surface by volcanoes.
Sardonyx symbolizes strength, courage, and protection, historically used in amulets and seals.
While the sources do not detail specific metaphysical beliefs associated with spinel, its recent recognition as a birthstone suggests a growing appreciation for its aesthetic qualities and potential symbolic value.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources offer limited guidance on the specific care of these gemstones. However, considering their differing properties, general recommendations can be made. Peridot, while relatively durable, should be protected from harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures. Sardonyx, being a form of chalcedony, is relatively tough but can be susceptible to scratching. Spinel, with its good hardness, is generally durable but should still be handled with care to avoid damage. Regular cleaning with mild soap and warm water is suitable for all three gemstones.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a fascinating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From the ancient origins of sardonyx and peridot to the more recent recognition of spinel, these gems offer a diverse range of choices for those seeking a meaningful connection to their birth month. Peridot, often considered the primary August birthstone, embodies abundance, protection, and positivity, while sardonyx symbolizes strength and courage, and spinel offers vibrant color and brilliance. Their enduring appeal lies not only in their beauty but also in the rich legacy they carry, connecting us to centuries of cultural beliefs and geological wonders.