June boasts a unique distinction among birthstone months – it offers a choice of three gemstones: pearl, alexandrite, and moonstone. While all three hold historical and aesthetic appeal, alexandrite stands out for its remarkable color-changing ability, a phenomenon that has captivated gemologists and jewelry enthusiasts alike. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of alexandrite, the fascinating June birthstone.
History and Lore
Alexandrite is a relatively recent addition to the list of recognized birthstones, officially designated as a June birthstone in 1952. However, its discovery dates back to the 19th century, in the Ural Mountains of Russia. Found within emerald mines, alexandrite quickly gained prominence due to its unusual optical properties. The gem’s ability to appear green in daylight and red under incandescent light was immediately recognized as extraordinary.
Ancient lore surrounding alexandrite, while not as extensive as that of older, more established gemstones, centers on themes of intuition, creativity, and good fortune. It is believed to strengthen intuition and aid concentration, bringing positive omens to the wearer. Its rarity and unique characteristics contributed to its association with mystique and magic, often compared to emeralds in its enchanting qualities.
Geological Formation and Sources
Alexandrite belongs to the chrysoberyl mineral family. Its color change is a result of its chemical composition, which includes chromium. The gem forms in metamorphic rocks, often associated with beryllium-rich pegmatites.
Historically, the Ural Mountains in Russia were the primary source of alexandrite. However, these deposits were eventually mined out. Today, most alexandrite originates from Brazil, Sri Lanka, and East Africa. While these newer deposits yield some fine-quality stones, they often exhibit less distinct color change and muddier hues compared to the 19th-century Russian alexandrites, which are highly prized for their clarity and vivid color transformation. The scarcity of high-quality alexandrite, particularly in larger sizes, contributes to its high value in the gem market.
Gemological Properties
Alexandrite possesses a number of notable gemological properties. It registers 8.5 on the Mohs hardness scale, making it a relatively durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. It exhibits excellent toughness and lacks cleavage, meaning it is resistant to breaking when struck. This combination of properties makes it a practical choice for jewelry, including engagement rings.
The defining characteristic of alexandrite is its color change. In daylight or fluorescent light, it typically appears bluish-green. Under incandescent light, such as that from a traditional light bulb, it shifts to a purplish-red hue. This dramatic transformation is due to the way the gem absorbs and reflects light.
Another optical phenomenon sometimes observed in alexandrite is chatoyancy, also known as the cat’s-eye effect. This occurs when long, thin inclusions are oriented parallel to each other within the gem, creating a band of light that resembles a cat’s eye. Cat’s-eye alexandrite is particularly rare and valuable.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8.5 |
| Toughness | Excellent |
| Cleavage | None |
| Optical Phenomenon | Color Change, Chatoyancy |
| Mineral Family | Chrysoberyl |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Alexandrite is no exception. As a relatively modern birthstone, its symbolism is still evolving, but it is generally associated with change, optimism, and good fortune.
The gem’s color-changing ability is often interpreted as a metaphor for adaptability and transformation. It is believed to encourage a positive outlook and help individuals embrace new opportunities. Some believe alexandrite strengthens intuition and creativity, aiding in concentration and decision-making.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness and toughness, alexandrite is a relatively easy gemstone to care for. It can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are generally considered safe for alexandrite, though caution is advised. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these could potentially damage the gem’s surface. Regular cleaning will help maintain alexandrite’s brilliance and ensure its lasting beauty. An alexandrite engagement ring, while unique and beautiful, should be checked periodically by a jeweler to ensure the setting remains secure.
Conclusion
Alexandrite is a truly remarkable gemstone, distinguished by its captivating color-changing ability and relative rarity. From its discovery in the Ural Mountains to its designation as a June birthstone, alexandrite has captured the imagination of gemologists and jewelry lovers alike. Its durability, combined with its unique optical properties and symbolic associations, makes it a prized possession for those seeking a gemstone that is both beautiful and meaningful. As one of three birthstones for June, alexandrite offers a distinctive and enchanting choice for those born in this month.