October is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but two recognized birthstones: opal and pink tourmaline. Both gemstones offer a stunning array of colors and have captivated cultures for centuries, though their histories and associated meanings differ significantly. This article will explore the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and symbolism of these two captivating October birthstones.
History and Lore
The story of the October birthstone is one of shifting perceptions. Opal, the traditionally recognized stone, traces its name back to ancient India, where it was known as upala, meaning “precious stone” in Sanskrit. This term evolved into opalus in ancient Rome. Throughout much of history, opal was considered a remarkably lucky and magical gem, celebrated for its ability to display a spectrum of colors. Ancient Greeks believed it bestowed the gift of prophecy and protection from disease, while Europeans long regarded it as a symbol of purity, hope, and truth. It was once thought to embody the virtues of all colored stones.
However, the reputation of opal suffered a dramatic downturn in the 19th century. Sir Walter Scott’s novel Anne of Geierstein featured an opal with destructive properties, leading to a widespread superstition that the stone brought bad luck to anyone not born in October. This fictional portrayal significantly impacted opal’s popularity for a time.
Pink tourmaline, on the other hand, gained prominence as an alternative October birthstone in 1912 when the National Association of Jewelers officially designated it as such. Its history is rooted in ancient Egyptian beliefs, where tourmaline was thought to have traveled down a rainbow to reach the earth, explaining its diverse color range.
Geological Formation and Sources
Opals are formed from silica and water within geological cracks and voids, typically in sedimentary rock. Australia is the world’s primary source, accounting for over 95% of global production. Lightning Ridge is particularly renowned for its black opals, characterized by a dark background that intensifies the play-of-color. Other Australian locations, such as Coober Pedy and White Cliffs, yield white opals. Boulder opal, found in Queensland, contains ironstone, giving it a reddish hue. Mexico, specifically the state of Querétaro, is also a significant source, producing prized fire opals, often translucent with yellow to red base colors.
Tourmaline, including the pink variety, forms in igneous and metamorphic rocks. While found globally, specific locations are known for producing high-quality pink tourmaline. The sources for pink tourmaline are not explicitly detailed in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
Both opal and pink tourmaline possess distinct gemological properties. Opal is unique for its “play-of-color,” a phenomenon caused by the diffraction of light within its internal structure. This creates shifting rainbow hues, and the intensity of these colors directly impacts the stone’s value. Opals are relatively soft, making them more susceptible to scratches and chips.
Pink tourmaline, conversely, is more durable, registering a hardness of 7 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale. This makes it a more practical choice for everyday wear, particularly in rings. While opal can display a multitude of colors within a single stone, tourmaline typically exhibits a singular color, though it is available in a wide spectrum, including shades of pink, orchid, blue, green, red, yellow, black, brown, and even watermelon tourmaline.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Property | Opal | Pink Tourmaline |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | Relatively soft (not specified) | 7 – 7.5 |
| Play-of-Color | Present, defining characteristic | Absent |
| Color Range | All colors of the rainbow | Primarily pink, but diverse options |
| Transparency | Varies, can be opaque or translucent | Typically translucent |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, both opal and pink tourmaline have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Opal has been associated with hope, purity, and truth, but also, due to the aforementioned novel, with misfortune for those not born in October.
Pink tourmaline is often linked to positive emotions and well-being. It is considered a “heart-centered stone” symbolizing friendship, compassion, and balance. Some believe it promotes self-love and forgiveness, and enhances creative vision. Tourmaline is also known as the “Peace Stone,” with properties believed to remove aggressiveness, jealousy, anger, and fear, fostering a state of tranquility.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relative softness, opal requires careful handling. It is best suited for pendants and earrings, where it is less likely to be subjected to impact. Opal rings can be worn, but require mindful care to avoid scratches or chips.
Pink tourmaline, being more durable, is less prone to damage. However, all gemstones benefit from gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Avoid harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the stone or its setting.
October Birthstone Color
The October birthstones offer a wide range of color options. Opal hues span the entire spectrum, displaying a single color, multiple colors, or the full rainbow. Tourmaline is equally versatile, available in pink, orchid, blue, green, red, yellow, black, brown, and the unique watermelon tourmaline, which exhibits pink and green zones. This variety ensures that individuals born in October can find a birthstone that resonates with their personal preferences.
Conclusion
Opal and pink tourmaline represent a fascinating duality for those born in October. While opal carries a rich, albeit sometimes troubled, history and a captivating play-of-color, pink tourmaline offers durability and symbolism centered around love, compassion, and peace. Both gemstones provide a beautiful and meaningful way to commemorate an October birthday or celebrate a special occasion. The choice between these two October birthstones ultimately comes down to personal preference and the desired symbolism.