December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but four officially recognized birthstones: Tanzanite, Turquoise, Blue Zircon, and Blue Topaz. These gemstones, each exhibiting a distinct shade of blue, reflect the cool, crisp tones often associated with the winter season. While Turquoise holds the longest history as a December birthstone, Tanzanite and Blue Zircon represent more recent additions, offering December-born individuals a diverse range of options to express their personal style and connect with the rich symbolism of gemstones. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and significance of these three December birthstones – Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Blue Zircon – as documented in available sources.
A History of Changing Traditions
The designation of birthstones has evolved over time. For centuries, ruby and bloodstone were considered the primary gemstones for December, a tradition dating back to at least the twelfth century. However, this shifted in the early twentieth century. In 1912, the United States officially recognized lapis lazuli and turquoise as December birthstones. Later, in 2013, England formally acknowledged turquoise and tanzanite as the gems for December. Currently, the American Gem Trade Association and Jewelers of America list turquoise, blue zircon, and tanzanite as the stones representing this month. This evolution demonstrates the dynamic nature of birthstone traditions, influenced by historical context, cultural preferences, and the discovery of new gemstones.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel
Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, is a blue and violet variety of the mineral zoisite. This December birthstone is believed to symbolize dignity, truth, and wisdom. Its most remarkable characteristic is pleochroism, meaning it displays different colors when viewed from different angles and under varying lighting conditions. This captivating optical phenomenon contributes to its unique appeal.
Remarkably, tanzanite is found in only one region of the world: Tanzania. This limited geographical source contributes to its rarity, with some sources claiming it is even rarer than diamonds. Unlike diamonds, tanzanite is not created in laboratories, further enhancing its exclusivity. The gemstone typically scores a 7 out of 10 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it durable enough for use in jewelry, including engagement rings, though it is not as resistant to scratching as harder stones like sapphires or rubies. Tanzanite pairs exceptionally well with white metals such as platinum and white gold, enhancing its glamorous appearance. Despite its rarity, tanzanite remains relatively affordable compared to the “Big Three” colored gemstones – ruby, sapphire, and emerald.
Turquoise: A Stone of Ancient Reverence
Turquoise, a blue-green gemstone, boasts a history spanning over 3000 years. It is the only gemstone that has a color named after it, a testament to its iconic hue. Ancient cultures, including the Nepalese and Tibetans, revered turquoise, referring to it as the “sky stone.” Throughout history, turquoise has been valued for its beauty and believed spiritual and healing properties.
The gemstone typically measures between 5 and 6 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it one of the softer gemstones. While suitable for daily wear, turquoise requires careful handling to maintain its luster and prevent damage. It is rarely set in gold or platinum jewelry due to its relative affordability. Exposure to bright light for extended periods can cause turquoise to change color, highlighting the need for proper care. Despite its softness, turquoise continues to be a cherished gemstone, representing protection and new beginnings. It is also traditionally associated with the 11th wedding anniversary.
Blue Zircon: A Colorful History
Blue zircon is one of the four birthstones for December, though zircon itself comes in a rainbow of colors, including yellow, red, and orange varieties. The name “zircon” originates from the Persian word “zargun,” meaning “gold-hued,” reflecting the gemstone’s historical association with golden shades. Yellow, red, and orange zircons are known as hyacinth, derived from the flower of the same name.
While blue zircon is popular, the gemstone’s versatility extends beyond this hue. Its brilliance and fire can sometimes rival that of a diamond. The sources do not provide specific details on the hardness of blue zircon, but it is generally considered a durable gemstone suitable for jewelry.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
While detailed gemological data is limited within the provided sources, a basic comparison can be made based on the available information:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Mohs Hardness | Pleochroism | Rarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanzanite | Blue & Violet | 7 | Yes | Very Rare |
| Turquoise | Blue-Green | 5-6 | No | Common |
| Blue Zircon | Various, including Blue | Not Specified | Not Specified | Not Specified |
Care and Cleaning
Due to the varying hardness levels of these December birthstones, different care approaches are recommended. All three gemstones should be protected from rough conditions and sudden temperature changes. Removing jewelry containing these stones during strenuous activities, such as exercise, swimming, gardening, or sports, is advisable.
Cleaning can be performed using warm soapy water and a soft brush, followed by rinsing and drying. Ultrasonic or steam cleaners should be avoided. For more thorough cleaning and stone tightening, professional care is recommended.
Symbolism and Significance
Each of these December birthstones carries its own unique symbolism. Tanzanite represents dignity, truth, and wisdom. Turquoise symbolizes protection and new beginnings, and has been revered for its spiritual and healing qualities for millennia. Blue Zircon, while less explicitly defined in the sources, benefits from the broader symbolism associated with zircon – prosperity and wisdom. The availability of multiple birthstones for December allows individuals to choose a gem that resonates with their personal beliefs and values.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Blue Zircon – offer a captivating spectrum of color, history, and symbolism. From the modern rarity of Tanzanite to the ancient reverence for Turquoise and the colorful versatility of Blue Zircon, these gemstones provide a meaningful connection to the month of December. The choice of which stone to embrace is a personal one, reflecting individual preferences and a desire to connect with the enduring beauty and power of gemstones.