August is unique among the calendar months, possessing not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. This multiplicity reflects the evolving traditions surrounding birthstones, tracing their origins from ancient associations to modern designations by jewelers’ organizations. While sardonyx holds the distinction of being the original August birthstone, peridot gained prominence as a traditional choice, and spinel was officially added in 2016, offering a diverse range of colors and histories for those born in this summer month.
History and Lore
The tradition of linking gemstones to birth months has roots in medieval times, with earlier connections potentially traceable to biblical references. The practice is believed to have originated in Poland or Germany centuries ago, evolving over time with regional variations and differing interpretations. Initially, sardonyx was the sole birthstone associated with August, boasting a history spanning over 4,000 years. Peridot later emerged as a “traditional” stone, frequently confused with other green gems like emerald and topaz. The most recent addition, spinel, was formally recognized as an August birthstone by the Jewelers of America and the American Gem Trade Association in 2016, reflecting a growing consumer interest in alternative gemstones.
Historically, the distinction between spinel and ruby was often blurred. For centuries, many famous “rubies” adorning royal collections – including the Black Prince’s Ruby in the British Crown Jewels, the Timur Ruby, and Catherine the Great’s Ruby – were, in fact, magnificent spinels. It wasn’t until advancements in mineralogy allowed for accurate identification that spinel was recognized as a distinct gemstone.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot, a gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine, forms deep within the Earth’s mantle. It is occasionally brought to the surface through volcanic activity, earning it the nickname “Pele’s Tears” after the Hawaiian volcano goddess of fire. Remarkably, peridot has even been discovered within meteorites, lending it an extraterrestrial allure.
Sardonyx, a variety of chalcedony, is found in the Earth’s crust, typically in regions with volcanic and metamorphic activity. Current sources for sardonyx include Brazil, Germany, Madagascar, and the United States. The quality of sardonyx is often judged by the distinctness of its banded patterns.
While specific mining locations for spinel are not detailed in the provided sources, it is noted that spinel comes in a variety of colors, with vivid blues colored by cobalt being particularly rare.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is known for its yellowish-green to greenish-yellow hue, resulting from its iron content. It is a variety of olivine. Throughout history, it has been mistaken for emerald and topaz.
Sardonyx derives its name from the Greek words for “reddish-brown” and “veined gem,” and typically exhibits reddish-brown bands, though it can also appear in yellow, brown, purple, black, white, and grey. The clarity and distinctness of these bands influence its value.
Spinel, historically mistaken for ruby, is a distinct mineral. It is best known for its red, pink, purple, and rare vivid blue colors, the latter caused by cobalt. Spinel is noted for its beauty and durability.
The sources do not provide specific details regarding the hardness, refractive index, or chemical formulas of these gemstones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Ancient Egyptians referred to peridot as the “gem of the Sun.” Cleopatra herself was rumored to have adorned herself with peridot, believing it to be emeralds. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems once thought to be emeralds, but now identified as peridot.
The sources do not detail specific symbolic meanings associated with sardonyx or spinel beyond their historical context and association with the month of August.
Care and Cleaning
The sources mention that a basic clean, polish, and inspection are part of the routine care needed to keep jewelry looking new, including checking for loose stones and damage. However, specific care instructions tailored to peridot, spinel, and sardonyx are not provided.
Conclusion
August’s three birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a fascinating blend of history, geology, and evolving tradition. From sardonyx’s ancient origins to peridot’s association with royalty and spinel’s recent recognition, each gemstone offers a unique story and aesthetic appeal. The addition of spinel in 2016 broadened the options for August-born individuals, providing a diverse palette of colors and a deeper appreciation for this often-overlooked gem. These stones continue to captivate with their beauty and enduring symbolism.