Peridot, a vibrant green gemstone, holds the distinction of being the modern birthstone for August. While historically sharing the month with sardonyx, and recently joined by spinel, peridot remains the most popular and widely recognized gem associated with those born in August. Its captivating color, ranging from yellowish-green to olive, and its fascinating history, deeply rooted in volcanic origins and ancient symbolism, make it a gemstone of enduring appeal. This article will delve into the geological formation, historical significance, gemological properties, and cultural lore surrounding peridot, providing a comprehensive overview of this captivating August birthstone.
Historical Significance and Lore
The story of peridot stretches back centuries, with evidence suggesting its use and reverence in ancient civilizations. Many historians believe that some of Cleopatra’s famed emeralds were, in fact, peridot. This misidentification highlights the gem’s visual similarity to emerald, and its desirability as a regal adornment. In medieval times, peridot was highly valued and often used to adorn shrines, demonstrating its spiritual significance.
Traditionally, peridot was believed to possess protective qualities, symbolizing strength and warding off nightmares, evil, and enchantments. Ancient Hawaiians held a particularly unique belief, associating peridot with the tears of Pele, the goddess of fire and volcanoes, brought to the surface by volcanic activity. This connection to volcanic origins is particularly fitting, as peridot is often found in areas with a history of volcanic eruptions. The gem’s association with light also led to its use in inspiring clear thinking and instilling a sense of peace and calm.
The standardization of birthstones in 1912 officially designated peridot as the August gemstone, solidifying its place in modern birthstone tradition. While spinel was added as a secondary option in 2016, peridot continues to be the most popular choice for those celebrating an August birthday.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a fascinating gem due to its unique formation process. Unlike many gemstones that form within the Earth’s crust, peridot originates much deeper within the mantle. It forms in the mineral olivine, brought to the surface through volcanic activity. This explains its frequent association with lava flows and volcanic regions. Notable deposits are found in ancient lava fields in Arizona and the Hawaiian Islands, reinforcing the connection to volcanic origins.
Currently, a significant portion of the peridot supply comes from Arizona. However, other sources include China, Myanmar, and Pakistan. Historically, sardonyx was sourced from India, Brazil, Uruguay, the United States, and Germany, but the focus of this article remains on peridot.
Gemological Properties
Peridot’s appeal lies not only in its history and lore but also in its distinct gemological properties. The gem exhibits a range of color variations, from yellowish-green to brown, though the most sought-after stones display a vibrant lime green or olive-green hue. This color is due to the presence of iron within its chemical composition.
While a detailed chemical formula and refractive index are not provided in the sources, it is noted that peridot often appears crystal-like in appearance. It is frequently set in silver, gold, or platinum, enhancing its beauty and durability. Peridot is often used in smaller sizes in beaded necklaces and bracelets, but can also be found in larger, more substantial pieces.
The sources do not provide a specific hardness rating for peridot, but it is implied to be durable enough for everyday wear. Further gemological data, such as specific gravity and clarity grading, are not available within the provided materials.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning. It is widely regarded as a stone of strength, happiness, and good fortune. Wearing peridot is believed to attract wealth and promote harmony in interpersonal relationships. Its connection to light further enhances its symbolism, inspiring clear thinking and fostering a sense of peace and tranquility.
For those born in August, peridot is considered a lucky birthstone, offering a potent source of positive energy and well-being. The ancient beliefs surrounding peridot, such as its ability to ward off evil and protect against nightmares, continue to resonate with many today, adding to its enduring appeal.
Care and Cleaning
While the sources do not provide detailed care instructions, the gem’s durability suggests it can withstand regular wear. However, as with any gemstone, proper care is essential to maintain its brilliance and beauty. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is recommended. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these may damage the stone. Given its formation in volcanic regions, it is reasonable to assume that sudden temperature changes should be avoided.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating green birthstone of August, is a gem steeped in history, lore, and geological wonder. From its origins deep within the Earth’s mantle, brought to the surface by volcanic forces, to its association with ancient civilizations and powerful goddesses, peridot holds a unique and enduring appeal. Its symbolism of strength, happiness, and good fortune, combined with its vibrant color and relative accessibility, makes it a cherished gemstone for those born in August and a captivating addition to any jewelry collection. The gem’s continued popularity, despite the addition of spinel as a secondary August birthstone, underscores its timeless beauty and enduring significance.