The color purple has long held a position of reverence, associated with nobility, spirituality, and insightful judgment. Throughout history, it has symbolized importance for men and high thoughts for women. This captivating hue translates beautifully into the world of gemstones, offering a spectrum of violet and lilac shades that make purple birthstones particularly desirable. While several gems exhibit this regal color, amethyst stands as the most widely recognized, though others like tanzanite, spinel, and even jade can also claim the title. This article will explore the diverse world of purple birthstones, delving into their history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance.
A History Rooted in Royalty and Spirituality
The association of purple with power and piety dates back millennia. In Christian mythology, purple is considered a canonical color, representing humility and purification. Notably, lilac is identified as the color of the ninth gemstone on the biblical high priest’s breastplate. Ancient civilizations also imbued purple with specific meanings; hypnotists of old utilized the color for its perceived calming effects.
Amethyst, in particular, boasts a rich history steeped in lore. The ancient Greeks believed that drinking from amethyst goblets could prevent intoxication, a belief reflected in the gem’s name, derived from the Greek word “amethystos,” meaning “not intoxicated.” For centuries, amethyst was considered equal in value to the most prized gemstones – ruby, emerald, and sapphire. However, the discovery of large amethyst deposits in the 19th century increased its availability and subsequently lowered its value. Despite this shift, amethyst remains a beloved and accessible gemstone.
Purple spinel also carries historical weight, believed to symbolize rejuvenation and inspiration, offering strength and resilience to its wearer. Lavender jade, treasured for thousands of years in Asian cultures, was not only valued for its aesthetic beauty but also for its physical properties, being strong enough to maintain a sharp edge even compared to iron.
Geological Formation and Global Sources
Purple birthstones originate from diverse geological processes and are found in various locations worldwide. Amethyst, a variety of quartz, forms in cavities within volcanic rocks, often lined with crystals. Significant deposits are found in Brazil, Africa, Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania.
Other purple gemstones have equally specific origins. Purple scapolite forms in metamorphic rocks, while purple kunzite is found in gem-bearing pegmatites. Lavender jade, a rare variety of jadeite, originates under high-pressure conditions in metamorphic rocks. Purple agate and jasper, both forms of chalcedony, are found in volcanic and metamorphic environments. Purple garnet, often referred to as rhodolite, is a member of the almandine species and can be found in various locations where garnet deposits occur.
Purple spinel, known for its excellent scratch resistance, is sourced from locations around the globe, including Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam.
Gemological Properties: A Spectrum of Violet Hues
The gemological properties of purple birthstones vary considerably depending on the specific mineral composition.
Amethyst is a variety of quartz with a chemical formula of SiO2 and a Mohs hardness of 7. It exhibits a vitreous luster and ranges in color from pale lilac to deep reddish-purple, with the most prized color being a deep purple with rose flashes.
Tanzanite is a calcium aluminum silicate with a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7. Its color can appear burgundy, blue, and violet depending on the crystal orientation.
Purple Spinel boasts an impressive Mohs hardness of 8, indicating excellent durability.
Lavender Jade (jadeite) has a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7, providing moderate durability. It can range from semi-transparent to opaque, with clearer gems commanding higher prices.
Purple Agate and Purple Jasper, both chalcedonies, have a Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7.
Purple Garnet (rhodolite) is relatively strong, suitable for regular wear, though not as hard as spinel or sapphire.
Here's a table summarizing the Mohs hardness of some of the discussed purple gemstones:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Amethyst | 7 |
| Tanzanite | 6.5 - 7 |
| Purple Spinel | 8 |
| Lavender Jade | 6.5 - 7 |
| Purple Agate | 6.5 - 7 |
| Purple Jasper | 6.5 - 7 |
| Purple Garnet | (Not Specified) |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond their aesthetic appeal, purple birthstones are often associated with specific meanings and metaphysical properties. Amethyst is believed to promote clarity of mind, balance emotions, and foster calm. Purple agate is thought to encourage emotional healing and balance, offering protection and tranquility. Purple kunzite is associated with love and emotional healing, promoting calmness, serenity, and compassion. Purple spinel is believed to symbolize rejuvenation and inspiration, offering energy and protection. Lavender jade, deeply rooted in Asian traditions, is valued for both its aesthetic and physical properties, representing serenity and harmony.
Jewelry Usage and Care
Purple gemstones are popular choices for a wide range of jewelry applications, including rings, pendants, bracelets, and earrings. Amethyst, due to its affordability and availability, is frequently used in both vintage and modern designs. Lavender jade and purple jasper are favored for their unique patterns and captivating colors. Spinel’s durability makes it suitable for everyday wear.
Care for purple birthstones varies depending on their hardness. Generally, gemstones with a Mohs hardness of 7 or higher (like amethyst and spinel) are more durable and can withstand regular wear. Softer gemstones, such as tanzanite and lavender jade, require more careful handling to avoid scratches. Cleaning can typically be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, especially for more delicate stones.
Conclusion
Purple birthstones offer a captivating array of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings. From the widely recognized amethyst to the rarer tanzanite and spinel, these gemstones continue to enchant and inspire. Their association with royalty, spirituality, and emotional well-being makes them cherished possessions and meaningful gifts. Whether admired for their aesthetic beauty or appreciated for their metaphysical properties, purple birthstones hold a special place in the world of gemstones, representing a blend of elegance, mystery, and enduring allure.