December is unique among months, boasting not one, but a selection of captivating birthstones. While historically, several gems have been associated with those born in December, including ruby, onyx, and even chrysoprase, the modern focus lies on a spectrum of blue hues represented by Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon. These gemstones, each with its own distinct history, geological origins, and symbolic meaning, offer a diverse range of options for those seeking a personal connection to their birthstone. This article will explore the history, properties, and significance of these December birthstones, drawing upon available knowledge to provide a comprehensive overview.
A History of December’s Gems
The association of gemstones with specific months dates back centuries, evolving over time and across cultures. In ancient times, ruby held a place as a December birthstone, believed to sharpen the mind and encourage courtly love. Old Russian traditions favored chrysoprase, thought to bring good fortune and heal emotional wounds. Tibetan traditions linked onyx to the month, attributing to it energies of self-mastery and protection. Bloodstone was also considered a traditional December birthstone, representing courage and vitality.
However, the modern selection of December birthstones underwent significant changes in the 20th century. Lapis Lazuli was a recognized birthstone until 1952, when zircon gained prominence. More recently, in 2002, Tanzanite was officially added as a December birthstone by the American Gem Trade Association, joining turquoise and zircon as the primary choices for those born in December. Turquoise, however, has the longest-standing association, cherished for millennia across numerous cultures.
The Trio of Blues: Gemological Properties
Each of the December birthstones possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and appeal.
Turquoise: This semi-translucent to opaque gem exhibits a range of blue to green colors, often displaying veins of matrix – remnants of the host rock in which it formed. This matrix is not considered a flaw, but rather a characteristic that adds to the stone’s unique appeal and confirms its authenticity.
Blue Zircon: Zircon is known for its exceptional brilliance and fire, often mistaken for diamond. While it occurs in a variety of colors, including golden, red, and clear, the blue variety is most commonly associated with December.
Tanzanite: This relatively recent discovery is prized for its intense blue-violet color, often displaying trichroism – the ability to exhibit different colors when viewed from different angles. Tanzanite’s color is highly dependent on the viewing angle and can appear blue, violet, or even burgundy.
The following table summarizes key properties:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Transparency | Hardness (Mohs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue to Green | Opaque | 5-6 |
| Blue Zircon | Blue | Transparent | 6.5-7.5 |
| Tanzanite | Blue-Violet | Transparent | 6-7 |
Origins and Geological Formation
The origins of these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise has been mined for thousands of years in various locations, including ancient Egypt and China.
Zircon is found in a variety of geological settings, including metamorphic and igneous rocks, and is sourced from countries like Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar.
Tanzanite, however, has a remarkably limited source. It is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited geographical origin contributes to its rarity and value. According to legend, the Maasai tribe believes Tanzanite was formed when lightning struck the ground, turning the rocks a shimmering blue. The Maasai also traditionally gift Tanzanite to mothers upon the birth of a child, symbolizing health, well-being, and prosperity.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Turquoise has long been considered a protective stone, believed to guarantee health and good fortune. Ancient cultures believed it could protect against falls and ward off disaster. Hindu mystics associated it with wealth.
Zircon, with its fiery brilliance, has been linked to prosperity and wisdom.
Tanzanite, as a more recent addition to the birthstone family, has quickly gained a reputation for its transformative properties. It is associated with new beginnings, intuition, and raising consciousness. It is believed to dissolve old patterns and habits, promoting health, well-being, and prosperity. Tanzanite is also historically believed to strengthen the immune system, detoxify blood, and regenerate cells.
Care and Maintenance
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and luster of these December birthstones. Due to its relatively lower hardness, turquoise is susceptible to scratching and should be handled with care.
Zircon, while harder, can be brittle and should be protected from sharp blows.
Tanzanite is also relatively soft and sensitive to heat. Avoid sudden temperature changes, steam cleaners, and ultrasonic cleaners. Cleaning with a soft brush, warm soapy water, and drying with a soft cloth is recommended for all three stones.
A Modern Choice: Tanzanite’s Rise to Prominence
The addition of Tanzanite as a December birthstone in 2002 reflects its growing popularity and recognition within the gemological world. Its unique color, limited source, and captivating lore have made it a sought-after gemstone for jewelry and collectors alike. The American Gem Trade Association’s decision to include it as a December birthstone further solidified its position as a modern and meaningful choice for those born in the final month of the year.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon – represent a captivating spectrum of blue hues, each with a rich history, unique gemological properties, and symbolic significance. From the ancient protective powers of turquoise to the modern transformative energies of tanzanite, these gemstones offer a diverse range of options for those seeking a personal connection to their birthstone. Whether drawn to the earthy charm of turquoise, the fiery brilliance of zircon, or the captivating violet-blue of tanzanite, December-born individuals have a wealth of beautiful and meaningful gemstones to choose from.