Peridot, a gemstone celebrated for its distinctive lime-green hue, holds a prominent position as the birthstone for August, and specifically for those born on August 6th. Revered throughout history for its beauty and believed protective qualities, peridot is a gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine. This article delves into the fascinating world of peridot, exploring its history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care.
History and Lore
Peridot boasts a rich and storied past, with evidence of its use dating back millennia. Ancient Egyptians, as early as the 2nd century BCE, prized peridot, referring to it as the “gem of the sun.” They sourced the gem from Zabargad Island in the Red Sea, a location that remained a significant source for centuries. The name "peridot" itself is derived from the Arabic word "faridat," meaning "gem."
Throughout history, peridot was often confused with other green gemstones, notably emeralds and topaz. This misidentification is particularly evident in medieval European history, where many “emeralds” adorning religious artifacts, such as those in the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral, were later identified as peridot. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have largely consisted of peridot.
The Crusaders are credited with bringing peridot to Europe, where it continued to be valued for its vibrant color and used in ecclesiastical settings. It has long been believed to possess protective powers, shielding wearers from evil spirits and negativity.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is formed under extreme geological conditions, primarily within the Earth’s mantle. It is carried to the surface through volcanic activity, often found in hardened lava. Remarkably, peridot has even been discovered in meteorites, originating from outer space.
While historically sourced from Zabargad Island in the Red Sea, peridot is now found in various locations around the world. Notable sources include the United States, Brazil, and Myanmar. The color of peridot is directly linked to its iron content, ranging from yellowish-green to olive and brownish-green. The most sought-after stones exhibit a vivid lime-green or olive-green hue.
Gemological Properties
Peridot’s unique characteristics contribute to its appeal as a gemstone. Its chemical formula is (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄, indicating it is a silicate mineral containing magnesium and iron.
Here's a summary of its key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Olivine |
| Color | Lime to olive green |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5-7 |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent |
| Refractive Index | 1.654-1.690 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Specific Gravity | 3.27-3.37 |
Peridot typically exhibits a vitreous luster and, unlike many gemstones, does not usually display fire (dispersion). Its color remains consistently green under various lighting conditions, a characteristic that distinguishes it from other green gems. Peridot is one of the few gemstones that occurs in only one color, though shades can vary.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history and across cultures, peridot has been imbued with symbolic meaning. It is widely believed to represent strength, good fortune, peace, and prosperity. As the August birthstone, it is thought to bring good luck and success to those born in that month.
Historically, peridot was worn as a talisman against evil spirits and negative energies. It was believed to possess healing properties, offering protection and promoting well-being. The gem is also associated with calm and restful energy, fostering a sense of inner peace.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, peridot is relatively durable but requires careful handling to prevent scratches and damage. It is susceptible to abrasion from harder materials.
Cleaning peridot jewelry is best achieved with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these can potentially damage the stone. Rinsing thoroughly and drying with a soft cloth will restore its brilliance. It is also advisable to remove peridot jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities to avoid potential impacts.
August Birthstones: A Trio of Choices
While peridot is the primary and most recognized August birthstone, it is important to note that spinel and sardonyx also share this designation. Spinel, a relatively recent addition to the August birthstone family (officially recognized since 2016), was historically mistaken for ruby and sapphire. Sardonyx, a banded form of onyx, is the traditional August birthstone, dating back over 4,000 years, and symbolizes strength, courage, and communication. These three gemstones offer a diverse range of colors and properties for those seeking to celebrate an August birthday.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating lime-green gem, stands as a testament to the beauty and enduring allure of natural gemstones. From its ancient origins as the “gem of the sun” to its modern status as the primary August birthstone, peridot continues to captivate with its vibrant color, rich history, and symbolic significance. Its unique geological formation, combined with its relatively affordable price point, makes it a popular choice for jewelry enthusiasts and a meaningful gift for those born in August. Understanding its properties and appreciating its legacy ensures that peridot pieces remain cherished for generations to come.