June boasts a unique distinction among the calendar months – it is represented by not one, but three distinct birthstones: Alexandrite, Moonstone, and Pearl. Each gemstone carries its own history, lore, and gemological properties, offering a diverse range of choices for those born in this vibrant month. This article will delve into the characteristics of each of these June birthstones, exploring their origins, significance, and the qualities that make them treasured possessions.
A Historical Perspective
Historically, the pearl held the sole designation as the June birthstone. Its association with purity and innocence dates back centuries, appearing in ancient myths and legends. However, the discovery of alexandrite in the 19th century added a new dimension to June’s gemological identity. Alexandrite, named in honor of Czar Alexander II of Russia, quickly gained prominence due to its remarkable color-changing ability. Moonstone, while favored in Germany and Scandinavian countries, also became recognized as a traditional June birthstone, steeped in lunar mythology and believed to possess mystical properties.
Alexandrite: The Color-Changing Gem
Alexandrite is the most modern of the June birthstones and is highly valued for its exceptional optical phenomenon – its ability to change color under different lighting conditions. Under normal circumstances, it appears as a transparent yellow-green to greenish-blue stone. However, when exposed to polarized light, such as sunlight, it dramatically shifts to a range of colors, including red, dark purple, or orange, depending on the viewing angle. This effect, known as pleochroism, is what sets alexandrite apart. The most prized alexandrite exhibits a vivid green to bluish-green hue in daylight or fluorescent light and a deep red to purplish shade under incandescent light.
Alexandrite is a valued form of the mineral chrysoberyl, and its color-changing property is a direct result of its chemical composition. The rare display of colors is often likened to an analogy of love, presenting itself in different forms. Alexandrite is found in limited quantities in Russia, Sri Lanka, and Brazil. It scores an 8.5 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it suitable for use in fine jewelry.
Moonstone: The Stone of Lunar Glow
Moonstone is renowned for its unique adularescence – a shimmering effect where light appears to stream across the gemstone, creating a special glow. This phenomenon is caused by the scattering of light within the stone’s layered structure. The name “moonstone” itself was coined by the Roman historian Pliny the Elder, who observed the stone’s resemblance to the shifting phases of the moon.
The most valued moonstones display a blue sheen when viewed against a white background. Throughout history, moonstone has been associated with lunar deities in Roman, Greek, and Hindu mythology, and was even believed to be solidified moonbeams. It is often linked to love, passion, and fertility, and is considered a bearer of good luck. Some cultures believed moonstone could cure insomnia and sleepwalking, and it was known as “The Traveller’s Stone,” used as a protective charm for nighttime journeys.
Chemically, moonstone is a form of the mineral feldspar, which produces a pearl-like luster when light penetrates the stone. Moonstone can be found in a variety of colors, including milky white, gray, pink, orange, and even multicolored varieties. It ranks between 6 and 6.5 on the Mohs scale.
Pearl: A Timeless Classic
While this article focuses on Alexandrite and Moonstone, it is important to acknowledge the historical significance of the Pearl as a June birthstone. Pearls have a long and storied history in jewelry, with myths and legends surrounding their formation and beauty.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
The three June birthstones differ significantly in their gemological properties. The following table provides a comparative overview:
| Property | Alexandrite | Moonstone | Pearl |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mineral | Chrysoberyl | Feldspar | Organic Gem |
| Color | Yellow-green to Red | White, Gray, Pink | White, Cream, Black |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8.5 | 6-6.5 | 2.5-4.5 |
| Luster | Vitreous | Pearly | Nacreous |
| Optical Phenomenon | Color Change | Adularescence | Iridescence |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these June birthstones is imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Alexandrite is often associated with heightened intuition and pleasure, while also representing love and balance. Moonstone is believed to promote calmness, intuition, and fertility, and is linked to feminine energy and emotional balance. Pearls, traditionally, symbolize purity, innocence, and wisdom.
Some believe that Alexandrite can enhance creativity, while Moonstone encourages inner growth and emotional stability. Pearls are often seen as symbols of protection and good fortune.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their varying hardness levels, each of these June birthstones requires specific care. Alexandrite, with its high hardness, is relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Moonstone, being softer, is more susceptible to scratches and should be handled with care. It is best cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap. Pearls are the most delicate of the three and should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and lukewarm water. Avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners, as they can damage the nacreous surface.
Conclusion
The three June birthstones – Alexandrite, Moonstone, and Pearl – offer a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From the color-changing magic of Alexandrite to the ethereal glow of Moonstone and the timeless elegance of the Pearl, each gemstone holds a unique appeal. Whether chosen for their aesthetic qualities, their historical significance, or their perceived metaphysical properties, these June birthstones are treasured possessions that continue to captivate and inspire.