December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, boasting not one, but three official gemstones: Turquoise, Zircon, and Blue Topaz. Additionally, Tanzanite is recognized as a December birthstone, offering a spectrum of blue hues and rich histories. These gemstones, celebrated for their striking colors, diverse origins, and symbolic meanings, provide a wealth of options for those born in the final month of the year. This article will delve into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, and cultural significance of these captivating December birthstones.
History and Lore
The history of December’s birthstones is a tapestry woven with ancient traditions and more recent discoveries. Turquoise stands as one of the oldest known birthstones, having been used in jewelry since ancient times. Its name originates from the French phrase “pierre turquoise,” meaning “stone of Turkey,” reflecting the historical trade routes through which the gem first arrived in Europe from Turkish bazaars.
Zircon, with a history spanning over 2000 years, has also been a favored gem in jewelry making. Its brilliance often led to it being mistaken for diamond in earlier eras. Blue Topaz, while topaz itself has a long history associated with strength and protection (rooted in the Sanskrit word “tapas” meaning fire), became particularly linked to December more recently, as the popularity of blue-colored gemstones grew. Tanzanite, in contrast, is a 20th-century discovery, first found in northern Tanzania in the 1960s.
Traditionally, Turquoise and Lapis Lazuli were considered the primary December birthstones, but Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz have gained prominence in modern times, becoming popular choices for gifts and jewelry. The association of these stones with December reflects a desire to capture the beauty and serenity of the winter season.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of these December birthstones originates through distinct geological processes and is found in specific locations around the globe. Turquoise is formed by groundwater containing copper that percolates through bedrock. Over time, reactions with other minerals create an opaque stone exhibiting stunning shades of blue and green, often marked by unique veining patterns known as matrix, derived from the surrounding rock.
Blue Topaz, while naturally occurring in blue shades, is often created through heat treatment of colorless topaz. Topaz itself forms in igneous rocks and is found in various locations, though specific sources for the blue variety are not detailed in the provided materials.
Zircon is found in a variety of geological settings, including igneous and metamorphic rocks. The sources for the blue variety, specifically, are not detailed in the provided materials.
Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one known deposit – in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, making it a relatively rare and sought-after gemstone.
Gemological Properties
The December birthstones exhibit a range of gemological properties that contribute to their individual appeal.
Turquoise is an opaque gemstone, recognized for its distinctive robin’s egg blue to greenish-blue color. Its porous nature means it can absorb chemicals, potentially affecting its color.
Blue Topaz is known for its high scratch resistance, registering an 8 on the Mohs hardness scale, making it suitable for everyday wear in rings and bracelets.
Zircon is noted for its incredible sparkle, often being mistaken for diamond.
Tanzanite is a violet-blue gemstone, recently discovered and prized for its deep transformation and spiritual awareness.
The following table summarizes key properties:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) | Transparency | Notable Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue-green | Not specified | Opaque | Porous, unique veining (matrix) |
| Blue Topaz | Sky blue to deep London Blue | 8 | Transparent | High scratch resistance, often heat-treated |
| Zircon | Blue | Not specified | Transparent | Often mistaken for diamond, incredible sparkle |
| Tanzanite | Violet-blue | Not specified | Transparent | Relatively new discovery, rare |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these December birthstones has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise is believed to symbolize success, happiness, and prosperity, and is thought to dispel negative energy and provide protection. It is also said to enhance intuition and release inhibitions.
Blue Topaz is associated with channeling inner wisdom and finding pathways to successful opportunities. Historically, Topaz was linked to strength and protection, while modern interpretations emphasize love and fidelity.
Zircon is considered a symbol of wisdom and prosperity, reflecting its long history and enduring appeal.
Tanzanite, as a more recent discovery, is linked to deep transformation and spiritual awareness.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of December’s birthstones. Turquoise, due to its porous nature, should be stored in a jewelry pouch or box to prevent scratches and absorption of chemicals from lotions, creams, and perfumes.
Blue Topaz, with its high hardness, is relatively durable and can withstand regular wear. However, it is still advisable to store it separately from other gemstones to avoid scratches.
Specific cleaning instructions for Zircon and Tanzanite are not detailed in the provided materials. However, general gemstone care guidelines recommend cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush, followed by rinsing and drying with a soft cloth. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these can damage the gemstones.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – Turquoise, Zircon, Blue Topaz, and Tanzanite – represent a captivating blend of history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient origins of Turquoise to the recent discovery of Tanzanite, each gemstone offers a unique connection to the month of December. Whether chosen for their aesthetic beauty, their perceived metaphysical properties, or their historical significance, these blue-hued gems continue to be cherished as symbols of love, wisdom, prosperity, and transformation.