December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – blue topaz, tanzanite, and turquoise – each possessing a unique history, captivating color, and symbolic meaning. For those born in the twelfth month of the year, this selection offers a diverse palette of options, reflecting the varied personalities of Sagittarius and Capricorn. This article delves into the origins, properties, and significance of these December gemstones, providing a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and those seeking to understand the lore surrounding these beautiful stones.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with birth months has ancient roots, though the modern list evolved over time. Turquoise, with its long history, is arguably the oldest of the December birthstones in terms of cultural significance. Its name originates from the French phrase ‘pierre tourques,’ meaning “Turkish stone,” reflecting its journey to Europe via Turkish traders. Ancient Egyptians revered turquoise, incorporating it into jewelry and ornamentation, while in other cultures, it was valued as a protective talisman against negative energies.
Tanzanite, in contrast, is a relatively recent discovery, first identified in Tanzania in 1967. Consequently, it lacks the extensive historical lore associated with older gemstones. However, its captivating color quickly garnered attention, and it was named in honor of its country of origin.
Blue topaz has a history stretching back over two thousand years, first discovered by Romans on the Greek Islands of Topazios in the Red Sea. Throughout history, topaz has been associated with wisdom and clarity, and blue topaz specifically is believed to symbolize opportunity and possibility.
Geological Formation and Sources
The formation of these December birthstones occurs through distinct geological processes and in geographically diverse locations. Turquoise, a copper aluminum phosphate, forms in semi-humid and dry environments where rainwater and groundwater interact with copper-bearing rocks. The presence of copper dictates the stone’s vibrant blue hue, while iron contributes to green variations.
Tanzanite’s origin is remarkably localized. It is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, making it a truly rare gemstone. Its formation involved complex geological activity within the region.
Blue topaz forms in igneous rocks and is found in several locations worldwide. Notable sources include Texas in the United States, the Ural Mountains in Russia, Brazil, Sri Lanka, Nigeria, and China. The gem forms when fluorine-rich fluids interact with aluminum-rich rocks.
Gemological Properties
Each December birthstone exhibits unique gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and desirability.
Blue Topaz: This gemstone registers an 8 on the Mohs hardness scale, indicating excellent durability, harder than sapphire. However, it is somewhat brittle and requires careful handling. Blue topaz displays a vitreous luster and is often treated to enhance its blue color, as naturally occurring blue topaz is rare.
Tanzanite: Tanzanite is known for its striking pleochroism, meaning it displays different colors when viewed from different angles – shades of blue, violet, and red. It has a hardness of 6-7 on the Mohs scale, making it less durable than topaz and more susceptible to scratching.
Turquoise: Turquoise is an opaque gemstone, ranging in color from sky blue to green. Its appearance is often characterized by veining, resulting from the remnants of the host rock. It has a hardness of 5-6 on the Mohs scale, making it relatively soft and requiring careful protection. Its chemical composition is copper aluminum phosphate.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Hardness (Mohs) | Luster | Notable Properties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂ | 8 | Vitreous | Brittle, often treated |
| Tanzanite | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | 6-7 | Vitreous | Pleochroism |
| Turquoise | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | 5-6 | Waxy to Sub-Vitreous | Opaque, veined |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Blue topaz is often referred to as the “clarity stone,” believed to stimulate open communication and encourage positive action. It symbolizes opportunity, wisdom, and genuine feelings. Some traditions suggest it can relieve stress and ease physical ailments.
Tanzanite is associated with spiritual awareness, healing, protection, and self-transformation. It is believed to activate the throat, third-eye, and crown chakras, facilitating psychic abilities and communication with higher realms. Its high-vibration energy is thought to manifest desires and guide individuals on a path to wisdom.
Turquoise has long been considered a protective talisman, warding off negative energies. It represents peace, wisdom, and compassion, making it particularly suited to those born in December.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of these December birthstones. Due to its hardness, blue topaz is relatively durable but should still be handled with care to avoid chipping. Cleaning can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush.
Tanzanite, being less durable, requires more gentle handling. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals. Cleaning should be done with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth.
Turquoise is a relatively soft stone and is susceptible to scratching and damage from chemicals. Avoid harsh cleaning agents and ultrasonic cleaners. Cleaning should be done with a soft, damp cloth. It is also advisable to avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight and extreme temperatures.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – blue topaz, tanzanite, and turquoise – offer a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From the ancient protective powers attributed to turquoise to the recent discovery and spiritual significance of tanzanite, and the clarity and opportunity represented by blue topaz, these gemstones provide a meaningful connection to the month of December. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, their perceived metaphysical properties, or their historical significance, these gemstones continue to enchant and inspire.