The ruby, a gemstone steeped in history and symbolism, reigns as the birthstone for July. Revered for its vibrant red hue, exceptional durability, and association with passion, protection, and prosperity, the ruby has captivated civilizations for millennia. This article delves into the ruby’s geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and cultural lore, providing a comprehensive overview of this coveted gem.
History and Lore
The ruby boasts a rich and storied past, with records of its use dating back to at least 200 BC, traveling along China’s Silk Road. In Sanskrit, it was known as “ratnaraj,” meaning “king of gems,” a testament to its esteemed position in ancient cultures. Ancient mythology often linked rubies to the life force, believing they formed from Mother Earth’s blood. Some cultures even posited that sapphires were simply unripe rubies, requiring burial to mature into their rich red coloration.
Throughout history, the ruby has been attributed with a wide range of powers. Burmese warriors believed wearing rubies rendered them invincible in battle, adorning themselves with the gemstone before engaging in combat. Medieval Europeans held the ruby in high regard, believing it bestowed health, wisdom, wealth, and success in love. In ancient India, rubies symbolized youthful energy and power, and were considered a symbol of protection. The gem was also thought to be capable of predicting misfortune or danger, and even curing inflammatory diseases and soothing anger.
Beyond its association with July birthdays, the ruby holds significance in commemorating important life events. It is traditionally given as the gift for the 15th and 40th wedding anniversaries, symbolizing enduring passion and devotion.
Geological Formation and Sources
The ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminum oxide mineral. Its characteristic red color arises from trace amounts of the element chromium within its crystalline structure; the more chromium present, the more intense the red hue. Rubies are formed under specific geological conditions, typically in metamorphic rocks.
Historically, Myanmar (formerly Burma) has been the most significant source of fine rubies, particularly the Mogok area. For over five centuries, Mogok has yielded rubies renowned for their vibrant red color, softened by light-scattering inclusions and a distinctive red fluorescence. The region’s landscape is characterized by weathered marble and ancient Buddhist temples, adding to the mystique surrounding these gems.
In more recent times, Vietnam has emerged as another important source, with the Luc Yen region in the north producing rubies of red to purplish-red color. Further south, the Quy Chau district has also yielded notable specimens. Mozambique is a relatively new, but increasingly important, source, with rubies from the Montepuez mines often compared favorably to those from Mogok.
Other notable ruby-producing regions include Thailand, Cambodia, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Tanzania, and Madagascar. For many years, the deposits along the border between Thailand and Cambodia were a major source for rubies in the marketplace.
Gemological Properties
Rubies are renowned for their exceptional hardness, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale – second only to diamond. This durability makes them ideal for use in all types of jewelry, ensuring they can withstand daily wear. The most prized ruby color is a deep, vivid red with a hint of purple, often referred to as “pigeon’s blood” by gem traders.
While rubies are always red, variations in tone and saturation can occur. Rubies belonging to the corundum family, with all other colors, including pinks, being classified as sapphires. Determining the quality of a ruby involves assessing its color, clarity, cut, and carat weight. Medium to medium-dark red rubies with minimal purple or orange tones generally command the highest prices.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history and across cultures, the ruby has been imbued with powerful symbolism. It is universally associated with passion, love, courage, and vitality. The deep red color naturally evokes feelings of warmth, energy, and desire.
In addition to these core associations, rubies have been believed to possess protective qualities. Burmese warriors wore them for invincibility, while others believed they could ward off evil and protect against misfortune. The ruby was also thought to enhance wisdom, promote good health, and bring success in love.
Care and Cleaning
Due to their exceptional hardness, rubies are relatively durable gemstones. However, they still require proper care to maintain their brilliance. Rubies can be safely cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the gemstone’s surface. Ultrasonic cleaners are generally safe for rubies, but caution should be exercised if the ruby contains fractures or has been treated to improve its clarity. Regular cleaning will help to preserve the ruby’s vibrant color and luster.
The Alternative July Birthstone: Onyx
While the ruby is the traditional and primary birthstone for July, onyx serves as a compelling alternative. Onyx is a deep, velvety black gemstone with a smooth, glossy surface, exuding sophistication and strength. It is believed to reflect a powerful presence and encourage determination in the face of challenges. For those born in July who resonate with a more enigmatic and unconventional aesthetic, onyx offers a striking and meaningful alternative to the fiery ruby. Onyx is said to capture the spirit of those born in July, reflecting their individuality and commanding attention.
Conclusion
The ruby, with its captivating color, exceptional durability, and rich historical significance, rightfully earns its title as the “king of gems” and the birthstone for July. From ancient warriors believing in its protective powers to modern-day jewelry enthusiasts admiring its beauty, the ruby continues to inspire and enchant. Whether cherished as a symbol of love, courage, or prosperity, the ruby remains a timeless and treasured gemstone.