May is a month steeped in symbolism, representing growth, renewal, and the flourishing of spring. Correspondingly, the traditional birthstone for May is the emerald, a gemstone celebrated for its vibrant green hue and rich history. Alongside the emerald, the lily of the valley and hawthorn blossom share the honor as May’s birth flowers, each carrying its own unique significance. This article will delve into the history, lore, and symbolism of the emerald, alongside a discussion of the May birth flowers, drawing solely from available sources.
The association of emerald with May dates back centuries. Biblical gemstone lists, which inspired early birthstone traditions, often included emerald as the stone corresponding to the fourth month of the year. This connection was further solidified in 1912 with the publication of a standardized birthstone list by the National Association of Jewellers (now Jewellers of America). The British 1937 list from the National Association of Goldsmiths, updated in 2013, also confirms emerald as the traditional May birthstone, with chrysoprase listed as an alternative. The stone’s verdant color naturally aligns with the themes of rebirth and growth inherent in the month of May.
Historical and Cultural Significance
The history of emeralds stretches back millennia, with records of mining dating to ancient Egypt around 1900 to 1500 BC. Egypt served as the primary source for these coveted gems until the 16th century, when Colombia rose to prominence. Ancient Egyptians referred to the emerald as “bwyrq,” meaning “to sparkle,” while Arabs called it “barq,” or “flashing.” The Hebrew term, “baraket,” also translates to “flashing gem.”
Beyond its aesthetic appeal, the emerald held deep symbolic meaning for ancient cultures. These interpretations, spanning centuries, connect the stone to ideals of rebirth, growth, prosperity, and fertility. A 5th-century Byzantine necklace featuring emeralds and pearls, currently housed in the Walters Art Museum, serves as a testament to the gem’s historical importance and artistic integration.
The emerald’s significance extends into religious and mythological realms. Christian legend associates the lily of the valley – one of May’s birth flowers – with the tears of the Virgin Mary shed at the crucifixion of Jesus, earning it the nickname “Mary’s tears.” Another legend claims the flowers sprung up where St. Leonard battled a dragon. These stories imbue the flower with connotations of sorrow, purity, and triumph.
May’s Floral Companions: Lily of the Valley and Hawthorn
While the emerald reigns as the primary birthstone, May is also represented by two beautiful birth flowers: the lily of the valley and the hawthorn blossom. The lily of the valley ( Convallaria majalis), despite its name, is not a true lily but a member of the asparagus family. Originating in Eurasia, it has become naturalized in North America and is known for its delicate, bell-shaped white flowers and sweet fragrance. Ancient astrology linked the flower to Hermes (Greek mythology) or Mercury (Roman mythology), sons of the goddess Maia, from whom the month of May likely derives its name. Legend also suggests the lily of the valley only blooms when the nightingale returns in May, symbolizing a connection to music and the arrival of spring.
The hawthorn, a flowering shrub in the rose family, blooms in May with small clusters of white, red, or pink flowers, followed by small berries called haws. It is a longstanding symbol of hope.
Symbolism and Modern Usage
The symbolism of the May birth flower, whether lily of the valley or hawthorn, centers around themes of love, renewal, purity, and happiness. These qualities make them fitting choices for birthday celebrations, weddings, and other special occasions. In modern times, both flowers are frequently incorporated into wedding bouquets, corsages, and floral decorations, adding a touch of natural beauty and sentimentality.
The enduring appeal of these May symbols extends to contemporary celebrations. They are often gifted as meaningful birthday presents or incorporated into wedding themes, representing a personal touch and conveying heartfelt sentiments. Companies like Something Borrowed Blooms offer premium silk flower collections designed to replicate the beauty of these blooms, providing a convenient and sustainable option for wedding decorations.
The Emerald in Poetry and Tradition
The formalized birthstone lists of the 19th and 20th centuries further cemented the emerald’s association with May. A poem published in Tiffany & Co.’s 1870 pamphlet of “Gregorian Birthstone Poems” explicitly linked the emerald to May, stating that those born in the month “shall be a loved and a loving wife.” This romantic association contributed to the emerald’s popularity as a gift for those celebrating birthdays or engagements in May.
Conclusion
The emerald, with its captivating green hue and rich historical tapestry, remains a cherished birthstone for those born in May. Its association with rebirth, growth, and prosperity resonates deeply with the spirit of the month. Alongside the delicate beauty of the lily of the valley and the hopeful symbolism of the hawthorn, the emerald embodies the essence of May – a time of renewal, love, and blossoming potential. These symbols, steeped in history and cultural significance, continue to hold meaning for individuals and celebrations alike.