December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, and turquoise – offering a diverse selection of color, history, and meaning for those born in the final month of the year. These gemstones, steeped in tradition and modern appeal, represent more than just aesthetic beauty; they connect wearers to a rich tapestry of cultural narratives and geological wonders. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and significance of each of these December birthstones, providing a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and those seeking to understand the allure of these captivating gems.
A History Intertwined with Tradition
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, though the specific stones assigned to December have evolved. Zircon and turquoise have long been considered primary December birthstones, their blue hues reflecting the chill of winter. The practice of wearing birthstones isn’t a recent trend, with roots stretching back to medieval times. These colored gems were believed to bestow blessings upon those who wore them, adorning rings, pendants, and other jewelry.
Turquoise, in particular, holds a prominent place in ancient history. It was highly prized by pharaohs and rulers of ancient Egypt, with King Tut himself found buried with turquoise jewelry. Chinese artists also carved this stone into masterpieces over 3,000 years ago, demonstrating its enduring appeal across cultures. More recently, tanzanite was added to the December birthstone list in 1952, expanding the options available to those born in this month. The inclusion of multiple stones reflects a desire to offer variety in color, price, and personal meaning, catering to diverse tastes and histories.
Geological Origins and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are as varied as the stones themselves. Turquoise, as its name suggests, is often associated with Turkey, though significant deposits are now found in Iran, China, New Mexico, and Arizona. It forms in relatively shallow subsurface environments, often within volcanic rocks. The unique character of turquoise lies in its matrix – the remnants of the rock in which it formed – which creates distinctive veining patterns, making each piece unique.
Blue zircon is a naturally occurring gemstone that comes in a range of colors, including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and brown. The blue color seen in jewelry is typically achieved through heat treatment. Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, lending it significant geological value.
Tanzanite, a relatively recent discovery, is found exclusively in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, contributing to its rarity and desirability. Its unique blue to violet color is a result of its geological formation and chemical composition.
Blue topaz, a popular modern choice, is also a variety of topaz that undergoes treatment to enhance its blue color. Topaz is found in various locations worldwide, including Brazil, Nigeria, and Russia.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Look
Each December birthstone possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal.
Turquoise is opaque, ranging in color from blue to green, with the bluer stones generally being more valuable due to their higher copper content.
Blue Zircon is often confused with cubic zirconia due to the similarity in name, but it is a naturally occurring gemstone known for its brilliance and “fire.”
Tanzanite is prized for its unique pleochroism – displaying different colors when viewed from different angles – and its intense blue to violet hues.
Blue Topaz is known for its serene colors and clarity.
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Transparency | Hardness (Mohs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue to Green | Opaque | 5-6 |
| Blue Zircon | Blue | Transparent | 6.5-7.5 |
| Tanzanite | Blue to Violet | Transparent | 6-7 |
| Blue Topaz | Blue | Transparent | 8 |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these December birthstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. While these beliefs are not scientifically proven, they contribute to the enduring allure of the stones. December’s birthstones are believed to reflect the wearer’s personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors, while tanzanite is highly prized for its uniqueness and rarity. Turquoise has long been associated with protection and good fortune, while blue topaz is believed to promote communication and clarity.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of December birthstones requires understanding their individual properties. Turquoise, being relatively soft, is susceptible to scratches and should be protected from harsh chemicals and impacts. Cleaning turquoise jewelry can be done with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Blue zircon, tanzanite, and blue topaz are more durable but should still be handled with care. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can damage the stones. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush is recommended. Regular cleaning will help preserve the vibrancy and brilliance of these gemstones for years to come.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, and turquoise – offer a rich mix of history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From the ancient origins of turquoise to the recent discovery of tanzanite, each gemstone holds a unique story. These stones are more than just beautiful adornments; they are tangible connections to the past, reflections of personal meaning, and symbols of enduring beauty. When choosing between these gemstones, consider not only their aesthetic appeal but also their individual characteristics and the cultural narratives they represent. Careful research and consultation with experts will ensure the quality and authenticity of your chosen December birthstone, allowing you to cherish its beauty for generations to come.