August is a unique month in the world of birthstones, possessing not one, not two, but three designated gems: peridot, spinel, and onyx. This tradition, stemming from medieval practices with ancient roots, offers a diverse selection for those born in the eighth month of the year. While the tradition of birthstones has evolved over time, with variations existing between ancient, traditional, and modern designations, these three stones represent the rich history and enduring appeal of gemstones. This article will explore the origins, properties, and significance of each of these August birthstones.
A History of Multiple Designations
The practice of associating gemstones with specific birth months dates back to ancient times, with early references found in biblical texts. The gifting of gemstones corresponding to one’s birth month is thought to have originated in Poland or Germany centuries ago. Over time, this tradition developed, leading to multiple sets of birthstones, including ancient, traditional, and modern lists. Regional differences also contribute to the variety, with jewelers in North America and Europe sometimes referencing slightly different traditions. This explains how August came to be associated with three distinct gemstones. Sources indicate that onyx is considered the “ancient” birthstone, peridot the “traditional” stone, and spinel the “modern” choice, gaining official status as recently as 2016.
Peridot: The Gem of the Sun
Peridot, often referred to as the “evening emerald” or the “gem of the Sun,” is a yellowish-green to greenish-yellow gem variety of the mineral olivine. Its lovely green hue, varying from yellowish-green to olive and dark-green depending on its iron content, is its most defining characteristic. Throughout history, peridot has been frequently mistaken for other gems, including topaz and emeralds. The Red Sea island of Topazios, historically believed to be the source of topaz, actually yielded significant quantities of peridot.
The gem’s history is rich with intriguing anecdotes. Some historians speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted largely of peridot. Furthermore, the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral is adorned with 200 carats of gems once believed to be emeralds, but now identified as peridot. Peridot is a rare gem-quality variety of olivine, typically formed deep within the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic activity. In Hawaiian tradition, it is known as “Pele’s Tears,” named after the Hawaiian volcano goddess of fire, Pele. Remarkably, peridot has even been discovered within certain types of meteorites, lending it an extra-terrestrial allure.
Spinel: A Recently Recognized Gem
Until relatively recently, spinel was often mistaken for ruby, a gem with which it shares a similar appearance, particularly in red hues. For centuries, red spinel was misidentified as ruby, and it wasn’t until more recent times that spinel gained recognition as a distinct and valuable gemstone in its own right. Spinel officially became recognized as an August birthstone in 2016, solidifying its place among the month’s designated gems.
Onyx: The Ancient Stone of Strength
Onyx holds the distinction of being the original August birthstone, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years. It is considered the “ancient” birthstone for those born in August. While details regarding its specific geological formation and sources are not provided in the available sources, its long-standing association with the month underscores its historical significance.
Gemological Properties and Characteristics
While detailed gemological data beyond color is limited in the provided sources, some characteristics can be highlighted. Peridot, as a variety of olivine, owes its color to its iron content. The sources do not provide information on peridot’s hardness, refractive index, or chemical formula. Similarly, specific gemological properties for spinel and onyx are not detailed.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of the August birthstones carries its own unique symbolism and is believed to possess various metaphysical properties. Peridot is associated with responsibility, forgiveness, and the manifestation of dreams. It is thought to be particularly helpful for those who struggle to admit their mistakes. Sardonyx, while historically an August birthstone, radiates positive energy, enhancing confidence, optimism, and joy. Spinel, though information is limited in the sources, is linked to vitality and passion. Onyx, as the ancient birthstone, is associated with strength and protection.
The sources also mention other stones historically linked to August, each with its own symbolism. Alexandrite is connected to connecting with one’s guardians, building self-respect, willpower, and creativity. Ruby symbolizes nobility, passion, protection, and prosperity. Sapphire represents wisdom and spiritual truth, promoting peace of mind. Diamond embodies compassion, commitment, and protection. Moonstone is associated with lunar energy, nurturing energy, and accepting love. Finally, Topaz signifies optimism and aligns the body’s meridians.
The August Personality
The sources suggest that individuals born in August often possess strong wills, practicality, and natural leadership qualities. They are described as having high expectations and using them to organize and motivate others. The variety of birthstones associated with August reflects the multifaceted nature of those born during this month, offering a range of gems to enhance their inherent qualities.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for peridot, spinel, or onyx. However, given that peridot is a variety of olivine, general care guidelines for olivine gemstones would be applicable. These typically involve cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft brush, avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Further research into the specific care requirements of spinel and onyx would be necessary for comprehensive guidance.
Conclusion
August’s trio of birthstones – peridot, spinel, and onyx – represent a rich tapestry of history, geological origins, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient origins of onyx to the recently recognized status of spinel and the long-admired beauty of peridot, these gems offer a diverse and compelling selection for those born in the eighth month. The association of multiple birthstones with August reflects the evolving traditions surrounding these treasured gems and the enduring human fascination with their beauty and power.