August is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. This multiplicity stems from a long and evolving tradition of assigning gemstones to specific months, with historical, regional, and modern influences all contributing to the current selection. While peridot is often considered the primary stone for August, spinel and sardonyx offer compelling alternatives, each with its own distinct history and symbolism. This article will explore the origins, properties, and significance of these three captivating gemstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of linking gemstones to birth months dates back to medieval times, with roots in ancient beliefs and biblical references. The practice is thought to have originated in Poland or Germany several centuries ago, and has since evolved, resulting in multiple sets of birthstones – ancient, traditional, and modern – reflecting regional variations and changing preferences. Sources vary on the precise origins of each August birthstone, but a clear progression can be observed.
Sardonyx holds the distinction of being the original birthstone for August, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years. Peridot gained prominence as a traditional choice, while spinel is the most recent addition, officially recognized as an August birthstone in 2016. This addition was made to provide a wider range of options for those born in August, reflecting contemporary consumer desires and a growing appreciation for the gem’s beauty.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of the August birthstones originates through distinct geological processes. Peridot, a variety of the mineral olivine, forms deep within the Earth’s mantle and is brought to the surface through volcanic activity. Remarkably, peridot has even been found within meteorites, earning it the evocative nickname “Pele’s Tears,” referencing the Hawaiian goddess of fire.
Spinel’s origins are similarly linked to geological forces, often found in metamorphic rocks. Historically, red spinel was frequently mistaken for ruby, as they often occur in the same locations. Sardonyx, a banded form of chalcedony, is formed through the layering of silica in volcanic environments.
The sources for these stones are geographically diverse. While specific mining locations are not detailed in the provided sources, the origins of peridot are noted to include areas with volcanic activity, and spinel is found alongside ruby deposits. Sardonyx, with its long history, has been sourced from various regions throughout the ancient world.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is characterized by its yellowish-green to greenish-yellow hue, a result of its iron content. The intensity of the color can vary, ranging from a pale yellowish-green to a deeper olive green. It is the gem-quality variety of olivine.
Spinel, while available in a wide range of colors, is often sought after for its vibrant red hues, historically leading to its confusion with ruby.
Sardonyx is a banded chalcedony, typically displaying layers of red and white, though other color combinations can occur.
The sources do not provide detailed gemological data such as refractive index, specific gravity, or chemical formulas for these stones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these August birthstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Peridot, known as the “evening emerald” or “gem of the Sun” by the ancient Egyptians, is associated with good fortune and protection. It is also traditionally given to celebrate the 16th year of marriage.
The sources suggest that those born in August are often strong-willed, practical, and natural leaders. The birthstones are believed to enhance these qualities, offering support and good fortune. Birthstones, in general, are believed to possess properties that bring luck, protection, and enhance personal attributes, influenced by historical, cultural, and spiritual beliefs.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for these gemstones. However, given their varying hardness and composition, general gemstone care guidelines would apply. Peridot, being a relatively softer stone, requires careful handling to avoid scratches. Spinel and sardonyx are more durable but should still be protected from harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures.
Conclusion
August’s three birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a rich tapestry of history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient origins of sardonyx to the modern recognition of spinel, and the enduring appeal of peridot, these gemstones offer a diverse and captivating selection for those born in the eighth month. The choice between these three stones ultimately comes down to personal preference, allowing August babies to select a gem that resonates with their individual style and beliefs.