Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the world of gemstones, yet it has quickly become a highly sought-after December birthstone. Celebrated for its mesmerizing violet-blue hues and captivating pleochroism – the ability to display different colors when viewed from various angles – tanzanite symbolizes transformation and spiritual growth. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and care of this extraordinary gemstone.
History and Lore
Discovered in the 1960s near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, tanzanite’s arrival on the gemstone scene was remarkably swift. Before its discovery, the stone was virtually unknown, and its rise to prominence is a testament to its unique beauty and rarity. While not steeped in centuries of lore like some older birthstones, tanzanite has quickly acquired symbolic meaning. It is often associated with spirituality and intellectual growth, believed to be particularly resonant with those born in December who are open-minded and eager to explore new beliefs. The gemstone is considered a modern birthstone, offering a vibrant alternative to traditional choices. Its association with the holiday season, through its captivating color reminiscent of sparkling snow, further enhances its appeal.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite’s origin is geographically unique. It is found in a very small area – a few square miles – at the base of the Mererani Hills in northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited geographical source contributes significantly to its rarity. The gemstone is a blue-violet variety of zoisite, a mineral that forms within metamorphic rocks. The distinctive color of tanzanite is attributed to its vanadium content; the more vanadium present, the richer and more vivid the color.
The formation process involves complex geological activity, including the shifting of tectonic plates and the intrusion of mineral-rich fluids. The gemstone is typically found in metamorphic rocks, often associated with graphite and quartz. Currently, Tanzania remains the sole commercially viable source of tanzanite, making it a truly unique and precious gem.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite possesses a unique combination of gemological properties that contribute to its allure. It registers between 6 and 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness, indicating moderate durability. While not as hard as diamonds or sapphires, it is suitable for various jewelry applications, particularly in earrings and pendants. Rings and bracelets require more careful consideration due to the potential for scratches and impacts.
The gemstone’s chemical formula is Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH), classifying it as a calcium aluminum silicate hydroxide. Its defining characteristic is its strong pleochroism, displaying different colors – blue, violet, and burgundy – depending on the viewing angle. This optical phenomenon is a key factor in the gem’s beauty and requires skilled cutting to maximize its brilliance and color.
Tanzanite’s color can range from deep purple to violet and rich blue, with the vibrant blue tones being the most highly prized, especially in larger stones. Most tanzanite begins as brownish zoisite and undergoes heat treatment to reveal the desired blue to violet hues. This heat treatment is a standard practice and results in a permanent color change, with no additional durability concerns.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6 - 7 |
| Chemical Formula | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) |
| Pleochroism | Present |
| Common Colors | Blue, Violet, Purple |
| Treatment | Heat Treatment |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
While a relatively new gemstone, tanzanite has quickly gained symbolic significance. It is often associated with transformation, spiritual growth, and intellectual stimulation. Those drawn to tanzanite are believed to be open-minded, receptive to new ideas, and excel in academic pursuits. The stone is thought to enhance intuition and promote a sense of calm and tranquility. Its vibrant color is also linked to creativity and self-expression. The gemstone’s association with December and the holiday season further reinforces its symbolism of joy, hope, and renewal.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its moderate hardness, tanzanite requires careful handling and maintenance. It is susceptible to scratches and abrasions, and should be protected from impacts. Exposure to very high temperatures or sudden temperature changes can also cause cracking. Hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids can damage the gemstone.
The recommended cleaning method for tanzanite is warm, soapy water. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners should never be used, as they can potentially damage the stone. A soft brush can be used to gently remove dirt and debris. It is best to set tanzanite in earrings or pendants to minimize the risk of damage. While tanzanite rings and bracelets are possible, they require extra care and are best reserved for special occasions.
Market and Availability
Tanzanite is a relatively rare gemstone, and its limited source contributes to its value. The gemstone is available in a range of qualities and sizes, influencing its price. Larger stones with vivid blue hues command the highest prices. The market offers a variety of tanzanite jewelry, including rings, earrings, pendants, and necklaces. The availability of tanzanite can fluctuate depending on mining activity and market demand.
Tanzanite in Jewelry
Tanzanite’s captivating color and brilliance make it a popular choice for a variety of jewelry designs. It is frequently featured in solitaire settings, highlighting the gemstone’s natural beauty. Tanzanite also pairs beautifully with diamonds, creating stunning and luxurious pieces. Lariat necklaces, stackable rings, and dangle earrings are all popular choices for showcasing tanzanite’s unique charm. The gemstone’s versatility allows it to be incorporated into both classic and contemporary designs, appealing to a wide range of tastes.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, December’s captivating violet-blue birthstone, is a gemstone of remarkable beauty and rarity. Discovered relatively recently, it has quickly become a cherished addition to the world of gemstones, symbolizing transformation, spiritual growth, and intellectual stimulation. Its unique geological origin, captivating pleochroism, and moderate durability make it a truly special and sought-after gem. With proper care and appreciation, tanzanite jewelry can be treasured for generations, embodying the magic and wonder of this extraordinary gemstone.