December boasts a unique distinction among the months: it offers not one, but four recognized birthstones – blue topaz, blue zircon, tanzanite, and turquoise. Each of these gemstones presents a captivating shade of blue, and carries its own distinct history, symbolism, and geological origins. This article will delve into the characteristics of turquoise, blue zircon, and tanzanite, exploring their historical significance, geological sources, and the meanings attributed to them throughout history, as well as providing guidance on selecting jewelry featuring these December birthstones.
A Trio of December Gems
For those born in December, the choice of a birthstone allows for personal expression. While turquoise is the most commonly recognized December birthstone, blue zircon and tanzanite offer equally compelling options. Tanzanite, a relatively recent addition to the birthstone list in 1952, stands out with its deep blue tones. Blue zircon, often heat-treated to enhance its color, provides a bold and beautiful alternative. Turquoise, cherished for millennia, remains a versatile and timeless choice.
History and Lore
Turquoise holds a particularly rich and ancient history. Its use dates back thousands of years, with evidence of its popularity among ancient Egyptians. Pharaohs and rulers adorned themselves with turquoise jewelry, and King Tutankhamun was even discovered buried with pieces crafted from this vibrant stone. Beyond Egypt, turquoise was highly valued in Chinese art, where it was skillfully carved into intricate masterpieces over 3,000 years ago.
Blue zircon, while less steeped in ancient lore than turquoise, has a history stretching back centuries. It is important to note that natural zircon is often confused with synthetic cubic zirconia due to the similarity in their names. Zircon occurs naturally in a range of colors, including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and brown, with the blue variety achieved through heat treatment.
Tanzanite’s history is comparatively recent. Discovered in Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro, in the 20th century, it is named after its country of origin. Its rarity stems from being found in a very limited geographical area.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these gemstones are as diverse as their appearances. Turquoise forms in relatively shallow deposits, often close to the Earth’s surface. Notable sources include Iran, China, New Mexico, and Arizona. A defining characteristic of turquoise is the presence of a matrix – veins of the host rock that remain within the stone, making each piece unique. Turquoise ranges in color from blue to green, and is typically semi-translucent to opaque.
Zircon is frequently mined in Australia, but can also be found in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Cambodia, Canada, and the United States. It is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, offering insights into the planet’s formation.
Tanzanite, uniquely, is found solely in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. It is a variety of the mineral zoisite, and typically exhibits blue-purple hues. Most tanzanite undergoes heat treatment to enhance its blue tones, bringing them closer to the color of sapphire.
Gemological Properties
While a comprehensive gemological comparison requires data beyond the provided sources, some key properties can be outlined. Turquoise’s composition allows for a range of color variations and the presence of a matrix. Tanzanite, from the zoisite mineral family, is prone to scratching and is therefore often best suited for earrings and pendants. Blue zircon, after heat treatment, presents a durable and visually striking gemstone.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Turquoise is associated with loyalty, great love, health, good fortune, and peace. Blue zircon is traditionally linked to chastity, virtuousness, and trustworthiness. Tanzanite embodies the heart, intellect, intuition, and purity. These symbolic associations contribute to the enduring appeal of these stones as gifts and personal adornments.
Selecting Jewelry
The versatility of these December birthstones allows for a wide range of jewelry options. Turquoise lends itself well to earrings, necklaces, and bracelets, and can be found in both classic and contemporary designs. Turquoise rings are ideal for those seeking a statement piece. Tanzanite, due to its potential for scratching, is often featured in pendants and earrings. Blue zircon, with its radiant cut and captivating color, is particularly stunning in pendants.
For men, turquoise beaded bracelets or pocket knives offer a functional and stylish way to celebrate a December birthday. Women can choose from a variety of options, including turquoise earrings, necklaces, and rings, or opt for the elegance of a tanzanite and diamond pendant.
Care and Cleaning
Specific care instructions are limited within the provided sources, but general guidelines can be inferred from the gemological properties. Tanzanite’s susceptibility to scratching suggests careful handling and storage. Turquoise, with its porous nature, may benefit from gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap. Blue zircon, being a relatively durable gemstone, can withstand regular wear, but should still be protected from harsh chemicals and extreme temperatures.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – turquoise, blue zircon, and tanzanite – offer a captivating spectrum of blue hues, each with its own unique history, geological origin, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient allure of turquoise to the modern elegance of tanzanite and the vibrant beauty of blue zircon, these gemstones provide a wealth of options for celebrating those born in the final month of the year. Whether seeking a timeless classic or a contemporary statement piece, the December birthstones offer a lasting and meaningful gift.