December boasts a remarkable selection of birthstones – turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite – each offering a unique shade of blue and a rich history. More recently, blue topaz has also been recognized as a December birthstone, expanding the choices for those born in the final month of the year. These gemstones, valued for their beauty and symbolism, have captivated cultures for millennia, representing everything from protection and good fortune to love and vitality. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and significance of these captivating December birthstones.
A History Rooted in Tradition and Recent Discovery
The history of December birthstones is diverse, spanning ancient civilizations and modern discoveries. Turquoise stands as one of the oldest known birthstones, cherished by cultures across the globe for thousands of years. Ancient Egyptians, including pharaohs like King Tut, adorned themselves with turquoise, demonstrating its high status and symbolic importance. Native American tribes, particularly the Apache, also held turquoise in high regard, believing it was found at the end of a rainbow and could enhance accuracy with bows and firearms. It served as a medium of exchange, a component in jewelry and amulets, and a ceremonial gem within southwestern tribes.
Zircon, while also ancient in origin, is often mistaken for diamond due to its brilliance. Its history is less documented in the provided sources than that of turquoise, but its sparkle has undoubtedly made it a desirable gem throughout the ages.
Tanzanite, in contrast, is a relatively recent discovery. Unlike its ancient counterparts, tanzanite was only found in the late 20th century, making it a modern addition to the December birthstone family. Despite its recent arrival, it quickly gained popularity for its striking blue and violet hues.
Blue topaz, the newest addition to the December birthstone list, has also gained prominence in recent years. While topaz itself has a long history, the blue variety achieved recognition as a December stone more recently.
Geological Origins and Global Sources
The sources for these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise is mined around the world, though the provided sources do not specify particular locations beyond mentioning its significance to Native American cultures in the southwestern United States. Zircon’s origins are not detailed in the provided materials. Tanzanite, however, is unique in that it is found in only one location: Tanzania, East Africa. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value.
Blue topaz is found in various locations, though the sources do not provide specific mining sites. The sources do note that most blue topaz on the market is created through heat treatment of colorless topaz, suggesting that naturally occurring blue topaz is less common.
Gemological Properties: A Spectrum of Blue
Each December birthstone possesses distinct gemological properties. All four stones share a common characteristic: a captivating blue hue, though the shade and intensity vary considerably.
Turquoise is valued for its opaque, beautiful color. Tanzanite displays blue and violet shades, with the blue variety considered the most valuable. Zircon is known for its incredible sparkle and brilliance. Blue topaz exhibits clear, sky-blue to deep London Blue shades.
The sources do not provide detailed gemological data such as chemical formulas, refractive indices, or specific hardness measurements for these stones. However, the sources do mention that blue topaz is often created through heat treatment, indicating its susceptibility to alteration. The sources also highlight the durability of each stone, suggesting that care should be taken to preserve their beauty.
Here's a table summarizing the key characteristics:
| Birthstone | Color Range | Notable Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue, often with green undertones | Ancient heritage, opaque |
| Tanzanite | Blue and violet | Relatively new discovery, limited source |
| Zircon | Brilliant, often mistaken for diamond | Incredible sparkle |
| Blue Topaz | Sky blue to deep London Blue | Often heat-treated, clear |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these December birthstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. Turquoise has long been associated with protection and good fortune. The Apache believed it aided in accuracy, while other Native American tribes used it in talismans and ceremonies.
Tanzanite is believed to bring intuition and vitality. Blue topaz is associated with calmness, love, and clarity. Zircon’s symbolism is less detailed in the provided sources, but historically, topaz (from which blue topaz is derived) was linked to strength and protection.
The sources mention that turquoise was considered a “national treasure” in Tibet, highlighting its cultural significance. The association of blue topaz with love and fidelity makes it a fitting gift for romantic occasions, particularly the twenty-fourth wedding anniversary.
Care and Cleaning
While the provided sources do not offer extensive care instructions, the gemological properties of each stone suggest certain precautions. Turquoise, being a relatively softer stone, may require gentle cleaning and protection from scratches. Tanzanite, with its unique pleochroism (displaying different colors from different angles), should be handled with care to maintain its brilliance. Zircon’s brilliance should be preserved through careful cleaning. Blue topaz, often heat-treated, may be susceptible to changes in color with prolonged exposure to heat or light.
Generally, cleaning these gemstones can be achieved with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, which could damage the stones.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – turquoise, zircon, tanzanite, and blue topaz – represent a captivating blend of ancient tradition and modern discovery. Each stone offers a unique shade of blue, a rich history, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient reverence for turquoise to the recent popularity of tanzanite and blue topaz, these gemstones continue to enchant and inspire. Whether chosen for their beauty, their historical significance, or their perceived metaphysical properties, the December birthstones offer a meaningful connection to the final month of the year.