December boasts a unique distinction among birthstones, offering not one, but three captivating gems: tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon. While all three present shades of blue, tanzanite stands out as a relatively recent discovery, celebrated for its striking violet-blue hues and association with spiritual growth. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of tanzanite, the captivating December birthstone.
History and Lore
Tanzanite is a newcomer to the world of gemstones, first discovered in 1967 in the Merelani Hills near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. Its unique color and brilliance quickly attracted attention, and Tiffany & Co. played a pivotal role in popularizing the gem, naming it after its country of origin. Officially recognized as a December birthstone by the American Gem Trade Association in 2002, tanzanite has rapidly gained prominence in the gem market.
Historically, turquoise and zircon were the primary December birthstones, with turquoise being cherished for millennia by cultures across the globe. However, tanzanite’s emergence has provided a modern alternative, resonating with those seeking a gem symbolizing transformation and intuition. It is also a traditional gift for the 24th wedding anniversary.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite’s geological story is remarkable for its limited source. Unlike many gemstones found in multiple locations worldwide, tanzanite is found exclusively in a small area of northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This restricted origin contributes significantly to its rarity and value. The gem is a variety of the mineral zoisite, formed through complex geological processes involving intense heat and pressure.
The gem is found in metamorphic rocks, often in association with sapphire deposits. The unique geological conditions required for its formation explain why it is found nowhere else on Earth. The Merelani Hills remain the sole source of this captivating violet-blue gem.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite is known for its remarkable trichroism, a phenomenon where the gem appears different colors when viewed from different angles. It can exhibit blue, purple, or burgundy hues depending on the viewing direction and lighting conditions. This pleochroism is a key characteristic used in identifying and appreciating the gem.
While specific refractive index and chemical formula data are not provided in the sources, it is understood that tanzanite is a calcium aluminum silicate with the chemical composition Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH). The sources do not provide a Mohs hardness scale value, but it is generally accepted to be between 6 and 7, making it relatively durable but susceptible to abrasion.
The color of tanzanite is its most valued attribute, with rich blue shades being the most desirable. Heat treatment is commonly used to enhance the blue color of tanzanite, and while generally stable, some heat-treated stones may revert to a lighter brown color with prolonged exposure to bright light. Exposure to heat can also alter the color of some tanzanite.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite is often associated with spiritual awareness, transformation, and new beginnings. Its vibrant color and relatively recent discovery contribute to its symbolism of change and growth. It is believed to possess high-vibration healing energy, acting as a “manifestation magnet” and guiding individuals on a path to wisdom and consciousness.
The gem is also linked to heightened intuition and a connection to the higher self. Its association with the color blue further reinforces its connection to tranquility, serenity, and spiritual insight. Some believe that tanzanite can facilitate communication with spiritual guides and enhance psychic abilities.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness ranging from 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale, tanzanite is susceptible to scratches and abrasion. It is best to avoid wearing tanzanite jewelry during activities that could cause rough wear, such as gardening, sports, or dishwashing.
Cleaning tanzanite jewelry should be done with a soft brush and mild soap in warm water. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners are not recommended, as they can potentially damage the gem. It is also advisable to protect tanzanite from prolonged exposure to bright light, as this may cause some heat-treated stones to lose their color.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, the captivating violet-blue gem discovered in Tanzania, has quickly become a cherished December birthstone. Its unique trichroism, limited source, and association with spiritual growth and transformation make it a truly remarkable gemstone. While turquoise and zircon remain traditional choices for those born in December, tanzanite offers a modern and vibrant alternative, symbolizing new beginnings and heightened intuition. Its beauty and rarity ensure its continued popularity among gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry lovers alike.